自嵌入双功能图像水印算法

利用自嵌入技术提出一种同时实现版权保护和内容认证的双功能图像水印算法.在嵌入端,首先将原始图像划分成互不重叠的子块,将各子块每个像素的最低m位置0,然后将最低m位置0后的子块进行奇异值分解,通过提取奇异值范数的最高位奇偶性产生原始鲁棒特征水印,然后再将原始鲁棒特征水印嵌入各子块每个像素的最低m位得到含水印图像.检测端从攻击的含水印图像提取鲁棒特征水印的过程与嵌入端产生原始鲁棒特征水印的过程类似,并且通过计算提取的鲁棒特征水印与原始鲁棒特征水印之间的归一化相关度进行版权鉴别,通过判断提取的鲁棒特征水印与攻击图像各子块每个像素的最低m位的一致性实现篡改检测进行内容认证.理论分析和实验结果都表明算法具有非常好的不可见性.实验结果还表明,算法不仅在抵抗添加噪音、剪切、JPEG压缩、平滑、重采样和几何攻击如随机删除行、向右偏移列、向下偏移行表现出很强的鲁棒性,而且能够精确定位出篡改位置和区分篡改类型.因此,算法具有版权保护和内容认证双重功能.     

A real-time dual watermarking algorithm of H.264/AVC video stream for Video-on-Demand service

A real-time dual watermarking algorithm of H.264/AVC compressed video is proposed for Video-on-Demand (VOD) service. The copyright information and user information are modulated by CDMA spreading strategies as watermark. At the encoder side, copyright information is embedded into the first non-zero coefficient of Intra 4 × 4 coded blocks in the luminance components of I frames. An effective error compensation mechanism is simultaneously introduced into the embedding process, which strictly restricts the distortion caused by quantization and watermark embedding within a step size of quantization. At the server side, a XOR based mapping rule is utilized for watermark embedding because the number of non-zero coefficients after quantization is quite less in P frames. Every two bits of the private user information is mapped to three non-zero coefficients of P frames. Experimental results on test sequences demonstrate that the proposed approach has just slight influence on bit rate and PSNR with real-time performance for VOD services, and achieves the dual purposes of copyright protection and pirate tracking.     

一种基于模糊聚类理论的文本水印算法

基于模糊聚类理论,建立了以文本文档中汉字特征为变量的聚类模型。根据人类视觉系统特性,将文本文档中汉字按照汉字笔画数、出现频率及分布均匀度作了分类,选择文本文档中汉字笔画数相对较少、使用频率较高、分布均匀度高的类别嵌入水印。实验结果表明,该算法对于内容的部分删除、添加、格式调整等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性,水印的不可见性好。     

基于四叉树分割的小波域自适应水印方案

文章提出了一种基于四叉树分割的小波域自适应水印方案。算法根据图像的纹理和细节通过四叉树分割将小波系数划分成大小不等的系数块，引入一个与系数块的性质有关的视觉加权因子，对小波域无损视觉量化模型进行了改进，提高了水印的嵌入强度；通过小波系数的量化选择，将水印信息嵌入到小波域的鲁棒性系数上，提高了水印对抗常规处理的能力。仿真实验结果证明该方案同时具有良好的鲁棒性和透明性。     

数字图像小波域鲁棒性双水印算法

本文提出了一种数字图像小波域双水印算法,该方法在检测时依据一个参考水印来动态调整主水印序列各部分的可信度,从而尽量减少攻击造成的影响。实验表明,该算法有效降低了检测错误的概率,显著地提高了扩频水印的抗攻击能力。     

基于扩频CDMA的数字盲水印算法

数字水印技术要求所构造的算法，具有很强的鲁棒性（抗攻击能力）。在数字水印技术中引入扩频技术，提高了数字水印的鲁棒性，但同时却使嵌入信息量减小了。丈中在引入CDMA技术，进一步增强鲁棒性，同时也使嵌入的信息量得到了提高。仿真实验表明：所提出的算法具有很强的鲁棒性、透明性，而且误码率较小，在很强的干扰下，仍能提取出水印。     

GIFMarking: The robust watermarking for animated GIF based deep learning

Animated GIF has become a key communication tool in contemporary social platforms thanks to highly compatible with affective performance, and it is gradually adopted in commercial applications. Therefore, the copyright protection of the animated GIF requires more attention. Digital watermarking is an effective method to embed invisible data into a digital medium that can identify the creator or authorized users. However, few works have been devoted to robust watermarking for the animated GIF. One of the main challenges is that the animated image also contains time frame dimension information compare with still images. This paper proposes a robust blind watermarking framework based 3D convolutional neural networks for the animated GIF image, which achieves watermark image embedding and extraction for the animated GIF. Also, noise simulation is developed in frame-level to ensure robustness for the attack of the temporal dimension in this framework. Furthermore, the invisibility of the watermarked animated image is optimized by adversarial learning. Experimental results provide the effectiveness of the proposed framework and show advantages over existing works.     

基于Turbo码的DWT-DCT域稳健性视频水印算法

提出了一种基于Turbo码的DWT域与离散DCT域相结合的视频水印算法。在该算法中,首先选取视频序列中的关键帧,并对其亮度分量进行一级DWT变换,再对DWT域的逼近子带进行4×4的DCT变换,最后在DCT变换的直流系数中嵌入经过伪随机排序和Turbo码编码置乱后的水印信息。实验结果表明:该算法不仅具有良好的不可见性,而且对各种常见的攻击都具有较好的稳健性。     

Two channel digital watermarking for music based on exponential time-spread echo kernel

To robustly and imperceptibly embed copyright information as a watermark into music clips, a two channel digital watermarking system based on the least significant bit (LSB) method and echo hiding (EH) with a new exponential time-spread echo kernel (ETEK) is proposed. By spreading the echo so that it seems like natural room reverberation, as well as the use of two channels to separately watermark by the LSB method and the EH method which have complementary characteristics, the system provides satisfactory sound quality and exhibits both efficient retrieval capacity and robustness against attacks. Experiments show that the proposed system retrieves watermarks with 100% accuracy for all clips and is almost imperceptible. With a set of 42 attacks supplied by the StirMark Benchmark for Audio (SMBA), the proposed system has an average robustness of 0.98 where the ideal value is 1.00, and higher than any conventional methods. With these results, the proposed system is shown to be possible for the application to music distribution over the Internet.     

A Survey on IP Watermarking Techniques

Intellectual property (IP) block reuse is essential for facilitating the design process of system-on-a-chip. Sharing IP designs poses significant high security risks. Recently, digital watermarking emerged as a candidate solution for copyright protection of IP blocks. In this paper, we survey and classify different techniques used for watermarking IP designs. To this end, we defined several evaluation criteria, which can also be used as a benchmark for new IP watermarking developments. Furthermore, we established a comprehensive set of requirements for future IP watermarking techniques.