PSO-LSSVM对LIBS定量分析精度的提高

针对土壤定量分析受基体效应影响大，LIBS定量分析精度不佳等问题，采用粒子群算法对LSSVM进行优化，提高模型的精确度。选取Pb Ⅰ 405.78 nm和Cr Ⅰ 425.44 nm作为分析谱线进行分析。采集十二个不同浓度样品的特征光谱，每个浓度样品在不同点采集20组数据，将其中17组数据设为训练集，3组数据设为预测集，用LSSVM和PSO-LSSVM两种方法建立定标模型。对比两种模型的拟合相关系数（R2）、训练集均方根误差（RMSEC）和预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)。由于自吸收效应的影响，随着浓度的增加，预测值逐渐低于实际值，LSSVM定标模型的拟合程度较低，无法达到实验要求，模型性能有待提高。利用粒子群算法对LSSVM的模型参数惩罚系数和核函数参数进行优化，得到最佳的参数组合，Pb元素为(8 096.8, 138.865 7)，Cr元素为(4 908.6, 393.563 5)，用最佳的参数组合构建LSSVM的定标模型。相比于LSSVM，PSO-LSSVM定标模型的精确度更高，Pb和Cr元素的R2提高到了0.982 8和0.985 0，拟合效果明显提升。Pb和Cr元素的训练集均方根误差由0.026 0 Wt%和0.027 2 Wt%下降到0.022 4 Wt%和0.019 1 Wt%，预测集均方根误差由0.101 8 Wt%和0.078 8 Wt% 下降到0.045 8 Wt%和0.042 0 Wt%，模型的稳定性进一步提高。说明PSO-LSSVM算法能够更好地降低土壤基体效应和自吸收效应带来的影响，提高分析结果的精确度与稳定性。     

On weighting two criteria with a parameter in combinatorial optimization problems

Two criteria in a combinatorial problem are often combined in a weighted sum objective using a weighting parameter between 0 and 1. For special problem types, e.g., when one of the criteria is a bottleneck value, efficient algorithms are known that solve for a given value of the weighting parameter.     

缆机起重作业驾驶员的操作行为可靠性研究

缆机是大坝浇筑过程中的主要运输设备之一,缆机驾驶员操作水平直接关系缆机起重作业安全.为有效提高缆机起重作业驾驶员操作行为可靠性,预防起重作业安全事故,针对缆机起重作业周期性多维运动的特点,分解驾驶员操作流程;剖析操作行为失误,建立驾驶员行为模式;从时间角度量化操作流程,计算缆机驾驶员操作行为响应失误概率;构建操作行为可靠性分析模型,定量表达操作行为可靠性,分析人因失误对缆机起重作业安全事故的影响.结果表明,吊具与吊罐对接、混凝土卸料等作业过程的缆机驾驶员操作行为可靠性低,需加强安全培训,严格考核制度,从根本上提高缆机驾驶员操作行为的可靠性,以期提升缆机生产效率,实现预防安全事故的目标.     

Extreme learning machine approach for sensorless wind speed estimation

Precise predictions of wind speed play important role in determining the feasibility of harnessing wind energy. In fact, reliable wind predictions offer secure and minimal economic risk situation to operators and investors. This paper presents a new model based upon extreme learning machine (ELM) for sensor-less estimation of wind speed based on wind turbine parameters. The inputs for estimating the wind speed are wind turbine power coefficient, blade pitch angle, and rotational speed. In order to validate authors compared prediction of ELM model with the predictions with genetic programming (GP), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine with radial basis kernel function (SVM-RBF). This investigation analyzed the reliability of these computational models using the simulation results and three statistical tests. The three statistical tests includes the Pearson correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination and root-mean-square error. Finally, this study compared predicted wind speeds from each method against actual measurement data. Simulation results, clearly demonstrate that ELM can be utilized effectively in applications of sensor-less wind speed predictions. Concisely, the survey results show that the proposed ELM model is suitable and precise for sensor-less wind speed predictions and has much higher performance than the other approaches examined in this study.     

几种吊钩中的力学问题探析

对吊装机械中使用的几种吊钩在吊装重物时的受力情况进行分析和比较,说明了各自的特点及其应用.     

Backlit Keyboard Inspection Using Machine Vision

A robust system for backlit keyboard inspection is revealed. The backlit keyboard not only has changeable diverse colors but also has the laser marking keys. The keys on the keyboard can be divided into regions of function keys, normal keys, and number keys. However, there might have some types of defects:incorrect illuminating area, non-uniform illumination of specified inspection region (IR), and incorrect luminance and intensity of individual key. Since the illumination features of backlit keyboard are too complex to inspect for human inspector in the production line, an auto-mated inspection system for the backlit keyboard is proposed in this paper. The system was designed into the operation module and inspection module. A set of image processing methods were developed for these defects inspection. Some experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed system.     

一种通信距离最小化的虚拟机分配算法

为了解决云资源分配过程中虚拟机通信距离较大,造成用户计算任务完成时间延长问题,提出一种最短通信距离的虚拟机分配算法.云资源管理器能够根据用户指定的虚拟机条件,将计算任务分割到合适的数据中心及其内部服务器,大大缩短了虚拟机之间的通信距离.仿真实验表明,与现有的贪婪算法和随机方法相比,提出的方法通信量更少,执行速度更快.     

基于机器视觉的点餐自动提示器设计

针对在外就餐中的盲目消费,不健康饮食等问题,提出基于机器视觉的点餐自动提示器系统;从组成系统的关键软硬件技术入手,基于光源设计、镜头及图像采集卡的选择、图像处理控制系统的设计集成,分析了系统的工作原理,设计了系统的原理结构,并在此基础上进行了原型设计;最后通过对原型系统实践应用得到的数据分析,表明该设计有助于实现科学点餐,文明就餐的预期目标,在成本得到进一步控制的前提下具有一定的应用前景。     

基于共生特性的G.729A基音调制信息隐藏的检测

提出了一种G.729A自适应码本分组基音调制信息隐藏的检测算法.对语音码流的分析发现,通过基音预测进行信息隐藏将改变相邻语音帧中基音周期估计值的共生特性.通过量化这种共生特性,并经过PCA(Principal Component Analysis,主成分分析)降维获得对隐写检测敏感的特征向量.最后基于特征向量和SVM (Support Vector Machine,支持向量机)构建隐写检测器.对不同语音样本数据集的检测表明,当语音长度在2s及以上时,检测正确率均超过96%.此检测算法是一种有效的压缩域信息隐藏检测方法.