Simulation of micellar-polymer flooding of a layered oil reservoir of nonuniform thickness

The dynamics of oil displacement from a layered reservoir of nonuniform thickness consisting of two hydrodynamically connected layers of different absolute permeability is studied. Results of numerical calculations are given. The influence of the main determining factors on the oil displacement dynamics is studied. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 115–123, November–December, 2008.     

Filtration, automorphisms, and classification of infinite-dimensional odd contact superalgebras

The principal filtration of the infinite-dimensional odd contact Lie superalgebra over a field of characteristic p>2 is proved to be invariant under the automorphism group by investigating ad-nilpotent elements and determining certain invariants such as subalgebras generated by some ad-nilpotent elements. Then, it is proved that two automorphisms coincide if and only if they coincide on the -1 component with respect to the principal grading. Finally, all the odd contact superalgebras are classified up to isomorphisms.     

表面活性剂-膜富集-紫外可见漫反射光谱法测定水中的痕量铅

提出了结合表面活性剂、膜富集和紫外可见漫反射光谱测定水中痕量铅的方法。在pH 8.5的氨水氯化铵缓冲溶液中,剧烈搅拌下,铅与双硫腙形成疏水性的红色络合物,该络合物能够被混合纤维素酯膜富集,并且在非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯月桂醚(Brij-30)的存在下,该络合物被混合纤维素酯膜富集的效率得到了很大提高,然后待膜自然干燥后直接测得膜表面的漫反射光谱。本文对表面活性剂类型、表面活性剂浓度、反应酸度、双硫腙浓度和反应时间等条件进行了优化。研究结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,最大吸收波长为485 nm,在5～100 μg·L-1范围内铅离子的浓度与其络合物的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数的平方R2为0.990 6,检出限为2.88 μg·L-1。研究发现下列共存离子不干扰铅离子的测定：500倍的K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,NH4+,NO-₃,Cl-,CH₃COO-,SO2-₄;10倍的Al3+(10%的NaF进行掩蔽),Fe3+(10%的NaF和酒石酸钾钠进行掩蔽),Hg2+和Zn2+(10%的NaSCN和酒石酸钾钠进行掩蔽);同等浓度的Cd2+,Cu2+。采用本方法测定瓶装水中的痕量铅,结果与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定的结果基本一致,加标回收率在95.4%～104.5%之间,标准偏差(SD)在0.5～1.5 μg·L-1之间,说明本方法具有较好的准确性。本方法操作简单、灵敏度高,适用于瓶装水中痕量铅的测定。     

Seminormal or t-Closed Schemes and Rees Rings

We define decent schemes and canonically decent projective schemes. Forsuch schemes, total quotient schemes exist, allowing to get thenormalization, seminormalization and t-closure of a decent scheme as ascheme. We exhibit the seminormalization and t-closure of a filtration on aring. If A is a decent ring and F a regular filtration onA, the associated Rees ring R is decent andProj(R) is canonically decent. The seminormalization and t-closureof R are Rees rings and the seminormalization and t-closure ofProj(R) are gotten by using projective morphisms.     

特征2的非交错的无限维哈米尔顿代数

证明了特征２的非交错的无限哈米尔顿代数－／Ｐ（ｎ）与Ｐ（ｎ）的自然滤过是不变的，进而证明了它们的任一自同构均是由相应的除幂代数的自同构所诱导的。     

MAS NMR with and without double-quantum filtration at and near the n=0 rotational resonance condition

Spectral lineshapes of MAS NMR spectra of dipolar (re)coupled spin pairs exhibiting considerable chemical shielding anisotropies at and near the so-called n=0 rotational resonance (R2) condition are considered. The n=0 R2 condition is found to be not extremely sharp. Anisotropic interaction parameters such as chemical shielding tensor orientations and the magnitude of the dipolar coupling constant remain sensitively encoded in such lineshapes even when differences in isotropic chemical shielding values of up to 400 Hz (corresponding to ca. half the size of the dipolar coupling constant) are present. Additional double-quantum filtration (DQF) may enhance the sensitivity of spectral lineshapes to anisotropic interaction parameters for even larger differences in isotropic chemical shielding values. The dependence of the DQF efficiency on spin-system parameters as well as on external parameters (Larmor and MAS frequencies) is investigated. Away from R2 conditions a trend to lower DQF efficiencies is found whereas some spin-system parameters are more sensitively encoded in the corresponding spectral lineshapes. Our study is based on numerical simulations, with the known parameters of the 31P spin pair in Na4P2O7.10H2O representing our model case.     

Yeast cell microfiltration: optimization of backwashing for delicate membranes

Crossflow microfiltration of yeast solutions was performed with crossflushing (done by stopping the permeate flow while maintaining the flow across the membrane) at intervals of 0.5 to 6 min and lasting for 5 to 90 s. A quantitative method was determined to compare the effectiveness of the various crossflushing times, independent of the initial cleanliness of the membrane. If crossflushing is performed every 0.5 to 1 min, 10–15 s is required to affect the steady-state flux. More time is required if crossflushing is performed less frequently. The total crossflushing time is also important. The more time spent crossflushing, the more slowly flux declines. However, since no product is being purified during crossflushing, economics will be an important part of determining the optimal crossflushing time.     

Mutual information theory for biomedical applications: Estimation of three protein-adsorbed dialysis membranes

Protein-adsorbed dialysis membranes are evaluated with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) chemical imaging technique. Protein adsorption causing permeability change is one of big issues in the development of dialysis membranes. Bovine serum albumin adsorption onto three kinds of dialysis membranes has been evaluated with TOF-SIMS. In the present study three kinds of proteins, bovine serum albumin, α-chymotripsinogen A, and cytochrome C adsorbed onto hollow-fiber dialysis membranes, were measured by means of TOF-SIMS and then TOF-SIMS spectra were analyzed using mutual information. Then specific peaks of fragment ions related to α-chymotripsinogen A and bovine serum albumin were found, respectively. In this condition, however, specific peaks to cytochrome C were not able to find compared with other samples. Finally, chemical images of α-chymotripsinogen A and bovine serum albumin, respectively, adsorbed onto the membranes with co-existing proteins were obtained. The results of TOF-SIMS images of the proteins on the membranes show different tendency of adsorption depending on co-existing proteins. Further study is needed to study more detailed protein adsorption onto the membranes with co-existing proteins.     

小波域中的维纳滤波在综合脉冲星时算法中的应用

脉冲星自转非常稳定，可用作时间标准. 然而由单脉冲星定义的脉冲星时受多种噪声源的影响，其频率稳定度还不够好，因此可采取对多颗脉冲星定义的脉冲星时进行综合的方法来削弱各噪声源的影响，以提高脉冲星时的稳定度. 不同的脉冲星有着各自不同的自转频率，在不同频率段所受噪声的影响也不同，应用小波分析的方法对脉冲星时做综合，可以兼顾脉冲星时的长期与短期稳定度，在不同的频率范围取不同的权值以达到更好的结果；脉冲星的计时残差是由计时参考的原子时的误差和脉冲星计时误差两部分引起的，用维纳滤波的方法可以将两者分开，并主要以消除掉参考钟误差后的残差为计时残差实现对脉冲星计时的综合. 在这两种方法的基础上，提出一种基于小波域中的维纳滤波方法，利用小波独有的特性和维纳滤波最小误差估计的优点，更有效地消除噪声对脉冲星时的影响. 实验结果表明，该方法可以有效降低脉冲星计时残差中的噪声影响.     

Fabrication of Crystalline Microporous Membrane from 2D MOF Nanosheets for Gas Separation

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based membranes have shown great potentials as applications in gas separation. In this work, a uniform membrane based on 2D MOF Ni₃(HITP)₂ (HITP=2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaaminotriphenylene) was fabricated on ordered macroporous AAO via the filtration method. To fabricate the membrane, we obtained the Ni₃(HITP)₂ nanosheets as building blocks via a soft‐physical exfoliation method successfully that were confirmed by AFM and TEM. We also studied the H₂, CO₂ and N₂ adsorption isotherms of Ni₃(HITP)₂ powder at room temperature, which shows Ni₃(HITP)₂ has high heats of adsorption for CO₂ and high selectivity of CO₂ over N₂. Gas permeation tests indicate that the Ni₃(HITP)₂ membrane shows high permeance and selectivity of CO₂ over N₂, as well as good selectivity of H₂ over N₂. The ideal separation factors of CO₂/N₂ and H₂/N₂ from sing‐gas permeances are 13.6 and 7.8 respectively, with CO₂ permeance of 3.15×10^?6 mol?m^?2?s^?1?Pa^?1. The membrane also showed good stability, durability and reproducibility, which are of potential interest for practical applications in the CO₂ separations.