Realizing the Intrinsic Electrochemical Activity of Acidic N‐Doped Graphene through 1‐Pyrenesulfonic Acid Bridges

Electrochemical technology attracts much research interest for the treatment of metal complexes, but most electrocatalysts are incapable of effectively degrading metal complexes, which generally have highly stable cages with five or six rings coordinating with metal ions. To address this, a bridging agent linking the catalysts and metal complexes can lower the energy barrier, and thus holds much promise to facilitate the removal of such pollutants. In this study, 1‐pyrenesulfonic acid (PSA) functionalization of acidic nitrogen‐doped graphene (ANG) is successfully synthesized and found to effectively remove metal complexes through electrochemical membrane filtration. Results indicate that PSA, interacting with Cu‐EDTA via the strong ion exchange of super acidic sulfonic (?SO₃H) groups, acts as a conductive “bridge” connecting the electrocatalyst and metal complexes to overcome the challenge with penetrating the “cage” structure of metal complexes. The pyrrolic nitrogen of ANG is found to be the active sites in the electrochemical process, with the intrinsic electrochemical activity realized by the bridging agent, namely, PSA. This study highlights the importance of compounds with sulfonyl groups in circumventing the stable “cage” of the metal complexes, and thereby paves the way for effective degradation of such pollutants.     

Strategy for rapid screening of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory active ingredients in Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. based on UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS and characteristic ion filtration

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. is traditionally used as a raw material for making dumplings or steamed stuffed buns, and its fresh leaves are boiled with water for tea. Herein, we established an ultra‐high–performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS) combined with characteristic ion filtration (CIF) strategy to rapidly screen active ingredients with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties in G. procumbens. This strategy involved screening the active part of G. procumbens using antioxidation and anti‐inflammatory activity assays; discovering the active compounds by speculating on the active site's chemical composition by UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS plus CIF; and verifying the active compounds' activities. The ethyl acetate extract (EEAF) of G. procumbens was the major active site. Eighty‐one compounds were identified from the EEAF using UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS plus CIF. Furthermore, polyphenols such as cynarine, isochlorogenic acids A and isochlorogenic acids C have excellent antioxidizing and anti‐inflammatory activities. This study provides a practical strategy for rapid in vitro screening of the antioxidizing and anti‐inflammatory activities of traditional vegetables and herbs and identification of active ingredients.     

Preparation of Composite Filters Based on Porous Coordination Polymers by Using a Vacuum Filtration Method for Highly Efficient Removal of Particulate Matters

In this study, two novel crystal materials pcp1 and pcp1‐L have been synthesized successfully. The different conformations of the two crystals are mainly attributed to the introduction of the Schiff‐base ligand L ( L =(E)‐4‐methyl‐N‐((6‐methoxypyridin‐2‐yl)methylene)aniline). Subsequently, pcp1 and pcp1‐L composites have been firstly produced by a vacuum filtration method on various substrates (i.e., melamine foam, plastic mesh, carbon fiber cloth and glass cloth). The obtained robust composites show excellent performance in removing PMs owing to high ζ potential, microporous structure, large conjugation system and electron cloud‐exposed metal center (DFT calculations) of pcp1 and pcp1‐L . Particularly, pcp1‐L @glass cloth with low pressure drop exhibits high thermal stability and high long‐term reproducibility. Additionally, the high removal efficiency of pcp1‐L @glass cloth towards particulate matters could also be maintained, even achieving >99.9 % in the car exhaust gas field test.     

Effect of Insulin-Dependent Cytoplasmic Regulator on Murine Melanoma KML Cell Proliferation

Insulin-dependent cytoplasmic regulator (IDR), the activity of which correlates with the insulin level in blood, was isolated from rat liver and fractionated on a Sephadex G-25 column. Radioautography established that IDR stimulates by 30% proliferation of murine melanoma KML cells in culture. This is indicated by ³ H-thymidine incorporation into the cell nucleus. It is proposed that insulin stimulates proliferation of the melanoma KML cell cultures through an intracellular intermediate, IDR     

Persistent homology for the quantitative prediction of fullerene stability

Persistent homology is a relatively new tool often used for qualitative analysis of intrinsic topological features in images and data originated from scientific and engineering applications. In this article, we report novel quantitative predictions of the energy and stability of fullerene molecules, the very first attempt in using persistent homology in this context. The ground‐state structures of a series of small fullerene molecules are first investigated with the standard Vietoris–Rips complex. We decipher all the barcodes, including both short‐lived local bars and long‐lived global bars arising from topological invariants, and associate them with fullerene structural details. Using accumulated bar lengths, we build quantitative models to correlate local and global Betti‐2 bars, respectively with the heat of formation and total curvature energies of fullerenes. It is found that the heat of formation energy is related to the local hexagonal cavities of small fullerenes, while the total curvature energies of fullerene isomers are associated with their sphericities, which are measured by the lengths of their long‐lived Betti‐2 bars. Excellent correlation coefficients (>0.94) between persistent homology predictions and those of quantum or curvature analysis have been observed. A correlation matrix based filtration is introduced to further verify our findings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

肾小球滤过率活体实时监测荧光示踪剂的研究进展

急性肾损伤是一种临床常见的急性疾病. 通过外源性的荧光示踪剂对肾小球滤过率进行非侵入性的实时监测, 对于及时了解易患病人的肾脏功能具有重要的临床价值和应用前景. 本文综合评述了用于活体检测肾小球滤过率的外源性荧光示踪剂的近期研究进展, 重点介绍了荧光示踪剂的设计策略及其活体成像应用效果, 并对相应检测装置的发展进行了阐述, 同时对该领域的挑战与发展前景进行了展望.     

Accumulation and Precipitation of Salts during Groundwater Evaporation and Flow

A mathematical model for the precipitation of dissolved salts during groundwater evaporation is proposed. An asymptotic solution of the problem is obtained for a specified flow law. It is shown that there are two different regimes of solute precipitation which are determined by the evaporation front velocity and the groundwater flow rate. The dependence of the precipitated salt mass on the soil surface temperature, the atmospheric humidity, the initial solute concentration and the filtration rate is illustrated.     

The Coradical Filtration for Drinfeld Double Ringel-Hall Algebras

Abstract

Let 𝒟(Λ) be the Drinfeld double Ringel-Hall algebra with Λ being any finite dimensional hereditary algebra over a finite field k. We determine the coradical filtration for 𝒟(Λ). As an application, we describe the group of Hopf algebra automorphisms of the Drinfeld double Ringel composition algebra of Λ.     

An inverse problem for pseudoparabolic equation of filtration: the stabilization

In this article, the properties of the solution to the inverse problem on the identification of the leading coefficient of the multi-dimensional pseudoparabolic equation are studied. The stabilization of its strong solution to the solution of the inverse problem for an elliptic equation is established.