A Testable Theory for the Emergence of the Classical World

The transition from the quantum to the classical world is not yet understood. Here, we take a new approach. Central to this is the understanding that measurement and actualization cannot occur except on some specific basis. However, we have no established theory for the emergence of a specific basis. Our framework entails the following: (i) Sets of N entangled quantum variables can mutually actualize one another. (ii) Such actualization must occur in only one of the 2^N possible bases. (iii) Mutual actualization progressively breaks symmetry among the 2^N bases. (iv) An emerging “amplitude” for any basis can be amplified by further measurements in that basis, and it can decay between measurements. (v) The emergence of any basis is driven by mutual measurements among the N variables and decoherence with the environment. Quantum Zeno interactions among the N variables mediates the mutual measurements. (vi) As the number of variables, N, increases, the number of Quantum Zeno mediated measurements among the N variables increases. We note that decoherence alone does not yield a specific basis. (vii) Quantum ordered, quantum critical, and quantum chaotic peptides that decohere at nanosecond versus femtosecond time scales can be used as test objects. (viii) By varying the number of amino acids, N, and the use of quantum ordered, critical, or chaotic peptides, the ratio of decoherence to Quantum Zeno effects can be tuned. This enables new means to probe the emergence of one among a set of initially entangled bases via weak measurements after preparing the system in a mixed basis condition. (ix) Use of the three stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and the five stable isotopes of sulfur allows any ten atoms in the test protein to be discriminably labeled and the basis of emergence for those labeled atoms can be detected by weak measurements. We present an initial mathematical framework for this theory, and we propose experiments.     

Metabolic Engineering of Shikimic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway for the Production of Shikimic Acid and Its Branched Products in Microorganisms: Advances and Prospects

The shikimate pathway is a necessary pathway for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. The intermediate products of the shikimate pathway and its branching pathway have promising properties in many fields, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Many important compounds, such as shikimic acid, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallol, catechol and so on, can be synthesized by the shikimate pathway. Among them, shikimic acid is the key raw material for the synthesis of GS4104 (Tamiflu^®), an inhibitor of neuraminidase against avian influenza virus. Quininic acid is an important intermediate for synthesis of a variety of raw chemical materials and drugs. Gallic acid and catechol receive widespread attention as pharmaceutical intermediates. It is one of the hotspots to accumulate many kinds of target products by rationally modifying the shikimate pathway and its branches in recombinant strains by means of metabolic engineering. This review considers the effects of classical metabolic engineering methods, such as central carbon metabolism (CCM) pathway modification, key enzyme gene modification, blocking the downstream pathway on the shikimate pathway, as well as several expansion pathways and metabolic engineering strategies of the shikimate pathway, and expounds the synthetic biology in recent years in the application of the shikimate pathway and the future development direction.     

Correlation between Irradiation Treatment and Metabolite Changes in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

The metabolites produced by the larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to different doses of irradiation were analyzed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a metabonomic analysis method of irradiated insects based on GC-MS was established. The analysis revealed 67 peaks, of which 23 peaks were identified. The metabolites produced by larvae treated with different irradiation doses were compared by multivariate statistical analysis, and eight differential metabolites were selected. Irradiation seriously influenced the fatty acid metabolic pathway in larvae. Using the R platform combined with the method of multivariate statistical analysis, changes to metabolite production under four irradiation doses given to B. dorsalis larvae were described. Differential metabolites of B. dorsalis larvae carried chemical signatures that indicated irradiation dose, and this method is expected to provide a reference for the detection of irradiated insects.     

基于关联规则和技术功效矩阵的企业技术创新机会发现和辅助决策方法

为助力科技型创新企业准确且快速地从外部捕获创新技术机会, 提出一种企业技术机会发现和辅助决策方法. 首先, 挖掘领域内的技术热点、技术重点和有潜力的技术作为领域技术创新机会. 然后, 通过关联规则分析领域技术机会和企业已有技术之间的相关性, 进一步结合技术掌握度和新颖度, 识别更适合企业的技术创新机会. 最后, 创新性地采用Sen-BERT语言模型和K-means聚类方法构建技术功效矩阵, 辅助企业从功能需求的角度进行技术创新决策. 以电动汽车领域为例验证了该方法的可行性.     

互联网中流媒体及其QoS控制技术的研究

通过对Internet中流媒体及其QoS控制技术的讨论，构架出了Internet中流媒体及其QoS控制的关键技术。并提出针对发送端和接收端的QoS控制，讨论两端的控制技术；并提出了非均匀QoS控制技术。     

俄罗斯红外技术见闻

本文报导了作者在1992年10月参观访问了俄罗斯联邦共和国几个从事红外技术研究开发生产的主要单位,并与有关专家、教授、工程师和企业领导人进行了学术交流,原苏联很重视对红外技术的发展,特別在基础研究方面尤为注重,取得了较好的成就。在产品结构设计方面十分重视实用性和可靠性,某些技术有其独到之处。     

地源热泵产业专利技术发展情况分析

从国际总体发展情况、国内申请和国外来华申请的申请人和技术主题入手,对地源热泵这种高效节能空调系统涉及的专利情况做了较深入的分析。指出该技术领域的专利集中度较高,跨国公司在我国的专利布局正在有步骤、有重点地进行。依据专利数据结合本产业发展过程中的经验和教训,对我国地源热泵产业的技术和产业化,提出了几点具体建议。     

殷钢荫罩彩管用弹簧片的设计及试验

本文离殷钢荫罩彩色显像管拚接式双金属弹簧片的设计及试验，确定了该管型的整管结构设计。     

基于DSP的双频超声波流量计硬件电路设计

超声波流量测量技术是一种利用超声波信号在流体中传播时所载流体的流速信息来测量流体流量的新的测量技术,他具有非接触式测量、测量精度高、测量范围宽、安装维护方便等特点,特别适合用于临时管道流量、大口径管道流量以及危险性流体流量的测量。本文介绍了一种采用数字信号处理技术的双频超声波流量计的硬件电路设计方法。     

房间采暖技术与变频调速综述

本文对房间采暖技术的发展状况、技术原理、构造特点进行了归纳总结,重点分析了地板供暖的优缺点,指出了地板供暖技术在房间采暖设计中的应用前景。针对低温地板热水辐射供暖系统存在的一些工程问题,通过对水泵的控制算法的研究和探讨,提出了地板水供暖系统采用以uPD78F1213为核心的无传感器永磁同步电机矢量控制系统的方案。