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61.
《Fiber and Integrated Optics》2007,26(6):335-342
A fiber-optic chemical sensor (FOCS) for detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) molecules is reported. The FOCS presents an optropode structure because of the transmission properties of the sensitive material. The NO2 FOCS is activated by using the semiconductor polymer: regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl). The operation wavelength of the sensor is 543.5 nm such that a simple LED and detector can be used for the design of this device. The sensor response decreases after each exposure, demonstrating the reduction in sensitivity as well as irreversibility lower than 5%. However, its properties such as rapid response, high selectivity, high sensitivity (0.43 ± 0.01 muW/ppm), hygroscopic properties, and its operation at room temperature make this kind of FOCS a good alternative for NO2 toxic gas detection. 相似文献
62.
Recent technological advances have made it possible to support long lifetime and large volume streaming data transmissions
in sensor networks. A major challenge is to maximize the lifetime of battery-powered sensors to support such transmissions.
Battery, as the power provider of the sensors, therefore emerges as the key factor for achieving high performance in such
applications. Recent study in battery technology reveals that the behavior of battery discharging is more complex than we
used to think. Battery powered sensors might waste a huge amount of energy if we do not carefully schedule and budget their
discharging. In this paper we study the effect of battery behavior on routing for streaming data transmissions in wireless
sensor networks. We first give an on-line computable energy model to mathematically model battery discharge behavior. We show
that the model can capture and describe battery behavior accurately at low computational complexity and thus is suitable for
on-line battery capacity computation. Based on this battery model we then present a battery-aware routing (BAR) protocol to
schedule the routing in wireless sensor networks. The routing protocol is sensitive to the battery status of routing nodes
and avoids energy loss. We use the battery data from actual sensors to evaluate the performance of our protocol. The results
show that the battery-aware protocol proposed in this paper performs well and can save a significant amount of energy compared
to existing routing protocols for streaming data transmissions. Network lifetime is also prolonged with maximum data throughput.
As far as we know, this is the first work considering battery-awareness with an accurate analytical on-line computable battery
model in sensor network routing. We believe the battery model can be used to explore other energy efficient schemes for wireless
networks as well. 相似文献
63.
Yang Dai Faquan Li Xuewu Cheng Zhiling Jiang Shunsheng Gong 《Optics & Laser Technology》2007,39(7):1374-1379
In Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS), the behavior of the irradiance pattern produced by the micro-lens array is important for an accurate centroid estimation. In this paper, the behavior of a micro-lens array in SHWS is analyzed using Fourier optics, and reveals that in addition to the main, expected spots, secondary spots with smaller intensities also appeared as a result of diffraction by the small dimensions of the micro-lens and interference from the different micro-lenses. This result is confirmed by comparing with a irradiance pattern taken from an actual SHWS. The additional error in centroid estimation caused by these secondary spots is discussed and relationship to the parameters of the micro-lens of SHWS is analyzed. 相似文献
64.
65.
XIAKe-yu YURong-jin MENGHua-mao 《半导体光子学与技术》2004,10(2):82-85
By stretching the rod waveguide with different velocities in opposite directions, the tapered waveguide can be fabricated. In condition of taking no account of volume expansion caused by heating and under the assumptions of volume conservation,the rod waveguide can be stretched freely in the heated region without being stretched outside of the heated region. A model,which shows the relation of the transition shape and the two factors, that is the ratio of two velocity and the heated region length, is presented for the shape of the taper transition through mathematic deduction. Based on this model, a desired tapered waveguide can be fabricated. The tapered waveguide are widely used for fabricating tapered fiber couplers and sensors. In addition, the conclusion can be used for fabricating fused fiber coupler. 相似文献
66.
A 320×240 CMOS image sensor is demonstrated,which is implemented by a standard 0.6 μm 2P2M CMOS process.For reducing the chip area,each 2×2-pixel block shares a sample/hold circuit,analog-to-digital converter and 1-b memory.The 2×2 pixel pitch has an area of 40 μm×40 μm and the fill factor is about 16%.While operating at a low frame rate,the sensor dissipates a very low power by power-management circuit making pixel-level comparators in an idle state.A digital correlated double sampling,which eliminates fixed pattern noise,improves SNR of the sensor, and multiple sampling operations make the sensor have a wide dynamic range. 相似文献
67.
LILin LIUWen-li LUBin JUGuo-xian ZHANGYong-ming HAOYong-qin SUWei ZHONGJing-chang 《半导体光子学与技术》2004,10(3):179-181,193
Spectral and structural characteristics of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers were studied with photoluminescence and double- crystal X- ray diffraction measurement. The expected high quality epitaxial DBR structure was verified. In the X- ray double- crystal rocking curves of DBR the zeroth- order peak, the first and second order satellite peaks were measured. Splitting of diffraction peak appeared in the rocking curves was analyzed. The effects of introduced deep energy levels on the structural perfection and optical properties were discussed. 相似文献
68.
CHENSheng-ping LUKe-cheng LIYi-gang LIJia-fang ZHUJian-ping FENGMing LIJing 《半导体光子学与技术》2004,10(2):122-126
The effects of the variations in fiber length, fiber mirror reflectance on efficiency and output power are experimentally investigated for erbium-doped double pass backward superfluorescent fiber sources (SFSs). The influence of fiber length on mean wavelength stability (MWS) has also been demonstrated. By incorporating a short section of un-pumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) at the output port, the pump power dependent on MWS becomes independent of pumped EDF length. This is a novel phenomenon that hasn‘t been reported up to now,and should be helpful to SFS fabrication and theory analysis. By using a fiber Michelson interferometer as spectrum slicing component,a multi-wavelength fiber source (MWFS) with ~20 channels (from 1542nm to 1559nm) is got. The MWFS has a channel spacing of ~0. 8 nm which satisfies ITUstandard. The intensity fluctuation among channels is less than 0.5dB,and the extinction ratio of all channels is above 14dB. This kind of MWFS should be useful to wavelength division multiplexing systems. 相似文献
69.
数码相机CMOS图像传感器的特性参数与选择 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了数码相机的核心器件———CMOS图像传感器的特性参数和在数码相机设计过程中CMOS图像传感器的选择。选择CMOS图像传感器,不仅需要考虑包括传感器的尺寸、像素总数和有效像素数、最小照度、动态范围、灵敏度、分辨力、光电响应不均匀性以及光谱响应等在内的特性参数,而且还要考虑电源管理和功耗、模数转换位数、开发的简便性以及成本等因素。 相似文献
70.