基于韧性耗散模型的损伤定量分析方法

材料的静力韧性便于工程测量,对疲劳损伤较其它宏观损伤变量更敏感。本文以材料静力韧性为宏观损伤变量,依据疲劳过程中金属材料韧性随疲劳循环加载而变化的实验结果的规律分析,得到了应力和循环数表达的损伤演化方程和损伤累积模型。该模型能较好地反映加载顺序的影响。推导出该疲劳损伤累积模型在多级加载下的递推公式。经四种金属材料疲劳试验数据验证结果表明,该模型预测疲劳寿命是较为满意的。由于疲劳试验数据分散性大,结果有待进一步验证。     

元件疲劳可靠性估算方法

对近年来国内外在元件疲劳可靠性估算方法方面所做的研究作了系统的回顾和讨论,按安全余量方程将其分为三类：累积损伤模型、乘余强度模型和疲劳寿命模型,并对这三种模型的特点及局限性作了分析论述,对元件疲劳可靠性分析的发展趋势作了讨论。     

疲劳裂纹扩展柔度法测量系统研究

为了寻求高温高压环境介质下的疲劳裂纹扩展的测量方法,本文研制了基于柔度法的疲劳裂纹扩展系统。根据显微镜的标定结果,验证该计算机自动测量系统给出了可信的测量结果。其中,位移由涡流位移传感器测得,载荷由试验机自带的标准传感器测得。计算机实时采集并处理测试信号,给出裂纹扩展速率。文中介绍了该系统的功能及应用前景。作为应用实例,给出了４２ＣｒＶ和ＩＲ３Ｍｏ等钢种的疲劳裂纹扩展速度及门槛值。     

光弹贴片法研究砼在疲劳荷载作用下裂缝扩展过程

为了研究疲劳荷载作用下砼裂缝扩展过程,本文采用光弹贴片法对尺寸为200mm×200mm×200mm的楔入劈拉试件预制裂缝稳定扩展直至失稳破坏全过程进行了系统的研究,并采用照相机拍摄了光弹贴片所显示的裂缝扩展全过程,得到了砼裂缝长度随疲劳次数的增加而稳定扩展的完整而直观的观测结果．根据光弹贴片所显示的彩色条纹序列,还测得了疲劳荷载作用下砼裂缝尖端附近的主剪应变差分布．试验表明,采用光弹贴片法可有效地测定疲劳荷载作用下砼裂缝扩展过程．     

复合载荷下脆性材料紧凑拉伸试件疲劳裂纹的预制

本文针对脆性材料的紧凑拉伸（CT）试件,提出了在复合疲劳载荷作用下预制疲劳裂纹的新方法,用此方法预制出7060-T6铝合金的CT试件疲劳裂纹并测试其断裂韧性。由于采用了框架结构和螺旋结构在CT试件的两侧面施加压缩载荷,在拉伸疲劳载荷作用下产生与之方向相反的压缩疲劳载荷,形成复合疲劳载荷,引起应力强度因子范围ΔK的下降,导致裂纹扩展速率的降低,从而控制了疲劳预制裂纹长度。此压缩疲劳载荷值用贴电阻片方法和组成全桥原理测定出。在一定拉伸疲劳载荷和压缩载荷下,可成功地预制出所需的疲劳裂纹长度。     

含分层损伤复合材料层合板的压缩强度研究

给出了基于一阶剪切变形理论的含分层损伤层合板有限元分析模型,将含分层损伤层合板在压缩载荷作用下的强度破坏分析和屈曲破坏分析统一起来,先区分其破坏形式,然后再进行具体破坏分析.在屈曲特性分析中考虑了铺层强度破坏引起的刚度折减的影响.数值结果表明, 该文给出的方法和结论对含分层损伤复合材料层合板的设计更具参考价值.     

沥青混合料疲劳过程的损伤力学分析

采用损伤力学方法研究沥青混合料的疲劳失效问题。针对悬壁梁弯曲疲劳试件,推导出疲劳过程中应力场、损伤场和疲劳裂纹形成寿命的工程封闭公式。根据沥青混合料特点,提出一种模拟疲劳裂纹扩展的特征单元失效模式,从而将疲劳裂纹形成与扩展两个阶段统一用损伤力学理论进行描述和分析。本文对沥青混合料试件的疲劳裂纹形成寿命与扩展寿命分段进行了预测,还对疲劳过程中刚度衰减及位移幅值的演化过程进行了数值模拟计算。理论预期与实验结果吻合良好。     

Opinion strength influences the spatial dynamics of opinion formation

Opinions are rarely binary; they can be held with different degrees of conviction, and this expanded attitude spectrum can affect the influence one opinion has on others. Our goal is to understand how different aspects of influence lead to recognizable spatio-temporal patterns of opinions and their strengths. To do this, we introduce a stochastic spatial agent-based model of opinion dynamics that includes a spectrum of opinion strengths and various possible rules for how the opinion strength of one individual affects the influence that this individual has on others. Through simulations, we find that even a small amount of amplification of opinion strength through interaction with like-minded neighbors can tip the scales in favor of polarization and deadlock.     

柯尔莫哥洛夫检验在混凝土强度检测中的应用

回弹法是检测混凝土强度的一种常用方法,回弹法的测量精度依赖于数据本身的真实性。本文提出了一种利用柯尔莫哥洛夫检验控制测量数据误差的方法。     

A fibre microbuckling model for predicting the notched compressive strength of composite sandwich panels

Cohesive-zone models have been successfully applied to predicting the damage from notches in engineering materials loaded intension. They have also been used to determine the growth of fibre microbuckling from a hole in a composite laminate under compression. The usual strategy is to replace the in elastic deformation associated with plasticity or microbuckling with a line crack and to assume some form of stress-displacement bridging law across the crack faces. This paper examines recent published experimental data for notched glass-fibre epoxy/honey comb sand wich panels loaded in uniaxial compression. A plastic fibre kinking analysis and a linear softening cohesive-zone model are used for the prediction of the unnotched and open-hole compressive strength and the theoretical results are found to be in a good agreement with experimental data. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 73–84, January–February, 2007.