衍生化-毛细管气相色谱法同时测定糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经中葡萄糖、山梨醇、肌醇

建立了大鼠坐骨神经中糖醇化合物葡萄糖、山梨醇、肌醇同时测定的毛细管气相色谱分析方法。选择甘露糖为内标,先加入盐酸羟胺吡啶溶液进行肟化反应,再加入乙酸酐溶液进行乙酰化反应,将葡萄糖、山梨醇、肌醇转化成糖腈乙酰酯化合物,经SE 30毛细管柱色谱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。葡萄糖、山梨醇、肌醇的回收率均在93%以上,其检出限分别为0.40、0 30、0.26ng/μL。对比测定了正常对照组、糖尿病组、某中药复方治疗组大鼠坐骨神经中以上3种糖醇含量。     

新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑病脑组织中微量元素的变化

为探讨新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑病脑组织中 5种元素 (Fe2 + 、Ca2 + 、Zn2 + 、Cu2 + 、Mg2 + )的变化及意义 ,将新生Wistar鼠 2 4只随机分为正常对照组和缺氧缺血性脑病组 ,乙醚吸入麻醉后用1 0双线结扎右侧颈总动脉 ,术后恢复 4h ,吸入含 8%O2 和 92 %N2 混合气体 2h后将 2组大鼠处死 ,取脑组织 ,用原子吸收分光光度仪测定其微量元素的变化。结果表明 ,与正常对照组相比较 ,缺氧缺血性脑病脑组织中Zn2 + 、Mn2 + 、Cu2 + 含量明显减少 (P <0 0 1 ) ;Ca2 + 增加 (P <0 0 1 )。提示缺氧缺血性脑病能引起大鼠脑组织微量元素的改变     

佝偻病患者的全血微量元素分析

为探讨佝偻病与血微量元素的关系,检测了326例佝偻病患儿全血微量元素水平。结果显示,本组佝偻病40．1％的病例血锌低于第25百分位数值,病情严重组的血锌值明显低于病情较轻组,且有统计学意义,按全血锌百分位数值分布及结合资料,显示病情愈重低血锌病例愈多;病情较轻组的铁水平较病情严重组低,且有统计学意义,按全血铁百分位数值分布及结合资料亦显示,病情严重的佝偻病组铁在中位数以上的病例数较病情较轻的佝偻病组多,有统计学意义;本组佝偻病69．6％的病例血铅含量超过100μg/L,病情严重组的血铅值明显高于病情较轻组,且有统计学意义,按全血铅百分位数值分布结合资料,显示病情愈重高血铅的病例愈多。提示佝偻病的治疗需提高血锌水平及防治铅中毒。     

微量元素配合胱氨酸治疗脱发的临床研究

为评价口服氨基酸螯合钙胶囊配合胱氨酸片对脱发患者的临床疗效 ,将 1 2 0例脱发患者随机分为治疗组与对照组。治疗组 60例用氨基酸螯合钙胶囊 ( 1g/d ,1粒 ,qd ,PO)和胱氨酸片( 3 0 0mg/d ,3次 /d ,PO)治疗 ,对照组 60例用胱氨酸片 ( 3 0 0mg/d ,3次 /d ,PO)治疗 ,两组用药均为 1 2周。结果表明 ,治疗组与对照组相比 ,治疗组较对照组的临床症状有明显改善 ,头发中微量元素锌、铁、钙的含量有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。脱发患者经补充有效的所需微量元素配合胱氨酸治疗收到良好效果。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定水中46种半挥发性有机物

半挥发性有机物主要包括多环芳烃类(PAHs)、邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)、有机氯农药类(OCPs)和硝基苯类(NBs)等化合物,这些物质多具有致癌、致畸、致突变作用,以及内分泌干扰效应.因此,快速准确测定水中半挥发性有机物非常重要,目前国内尚无水中半挥发性有机物的检测标准.该研究从氮吹温度、水样pH值和萃取时间3个方面...     

Janus 粒子在环境检测领域中的应用

Janus 粒子,也称为阴阳结构粒子或两面性非对称粒子,是指表面上具有两种或两种以上不同化学组成或性质的不对称粒子。目前,Janus 粒子因其独特的结构和功能已经逐渐成为生物医药、催化、材料以及防污等领域中的新型功能材料。在环境检测领域,Janus材料亦因其特殊的光学、磁学及电学性能,为提高检测灵敏度、选择性和稳定性等提供了新的研究方向。基于此,本文主要讨论了Janus材料在环境检测方面的特点、优势和相关应用。最后,本文基于本课题组的研究经验以及工作中所面临的问题,对本领域的发展和未来的研究方向提出了展望,以期对本领域的未来发展提供指导。     

In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies of Hydrogen-Desorption Properties of 2LiBH4–Mg2FeH6 Composite

Adding a secondary complex metal hydride can either kinetically or thermodynamically facilitate dehydrogenation reactions. Adding Mg₂FeH₆ to LiBH₄ is energetically favoured, since FeB and MgB₂ are formed as stable intermediate compounds during dehydrogenation reactions. Such “hydride destabilisation” enhances H₂-release thermodynamics from H₂-storage materials. Samples of the LiBH₄ and Mg₂FeH₆ with a 2:1 molar ratio were mixed and decomposed under three different conditions (dynamic decomposition under vacuum, dynamic decomposition under a hydrogen atmosphere, and isothermal decomposition). In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction results revealed the influence of decomposition conditions on the selected reaction path. Dynamic decomposition of Mg₂FeH₆–LiBH₄ under vacuum, or isothermal decomposition at low temperatures, was found to induce pure decomposition of LiBH₄, whilst mixed decomposition of LiBH₄ + Mg and formation of MgB₂ were achieved via high-temperature isothermal dehydrogenation.     

Insights into the Time Evolution of Slowly Photodegrading Contaminants

Photochemical degradation plays an important role in the attenuation of many recalcitrant pollutants in surface freshwaters. Photoinduced transformation kinetics are strongly affected by environmental conditions, where sunlight irradiance plays the main role, followed by water depth and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Apart from poorly predictable weather-related issues, fair-weather irradiance has a seasonal trend that results in the fastest photodegradation in June and the slowest in December (at least in temperate areas of the northern hemisphere). Pollutants that have first-order photochemical lifetimes longer than a week take more than one month to achieve 95% photodegradation. Consequently, they may experience quite different irradiance conditions as their photodegradation goes on. The relevant time trend can be approximated as a series of first-order kinetic tracts, each lasting for one month. The trend considerably departs from an overall exponential decay, if degradation takes long enough to encompass seasonally varying irradiance conditions. For instance, sunlight irradiance is higher in July than in April, but increasing irradiance after April and decreasing irradiance after July ensure that pollutants emitted in either month undergo degradation with very similar time trends in the first 3–4 months after emission. If photodegradation takes longer, pollutants emitted in July experience a considerable slowdown in photoreaction kinetics as winter is approached. Therefore, if pollutants are photostable enough that their photochemical time trend evolves over different seasons, degradation acquires some peculiar features than cannot be easily predicted from a mere analysis of lifetimes in the framework of simple first-order kinetics. Such features are here highlighted with a modelling approach, taking the case of carbamazepine as the main example. This contaminant is almost totally biorecalcitrant, and it is also quite resistant to photodegradation.     

Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of 2-Nonenal and Its Application to Body Odor Analysis

The odors and emanations released from the human body can provide important information about the health status of individuals and the presence or absence of diseases. Since these components often emanate from the body surface in very small quantities, a simple sampling and sensitive analytical method is required. In this study, we developed a non-invasive analytical method for the measurement of the body odor component 2-nonenal by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry by selective ion monitoring. Using a StableFlex PDMS/DVB fiber, 2-nonenal was efficiently extracted and enriched by fiber exposition at 50 °C for 45 min and was separated within 10 min using a DB−1 capillary column. Body odor sample was easily collected by gauze wiping. The limit of detection of 2-nonenal collected in gauze was 22 pg (S/N = 3), and the linearity was obtained in the range of 1–50 ng with a correlation coefficient of 0.991. The method successfully analyzed 2-nonenal in skin emissions and secretions and was applied to the analysis of body odor changes in various lifestyles, including the use of cosmetics, food intake, cigarette smoking, and stress load.     

Quantification of several atmospheric gases from high resolution infrared solar spectra obtained at the south pole in 1980 and 1986

Simultaneous total column amounts of a number of minor and trace atmospheric gases above the South Pole in December 1980 and December 1986 have been deduced from analysis of high resolution solar absorption spectra recorded (by F. J. M. and F. H. M.) from Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. These spectra also contain some limited information on the vertical profiles of the observed atmospheric gases.The data sets were recorded with a Bomem Michelson-type interferometer and analyzed with a spectral least-squares fitting procedure, utilizing the best available spectroscopic line parameters and absorption cross sections. Because the same instrument, line parameters, and analysis method have been used in analyzing the December 1980 and December 1986 data sets, the precision in comparing the column amounts from these two dates is rather high, about 10–20% for the stronger absorbing gases. For this reason, it has been possible to quantify or determine upper limits for differences between the December 1980 and December 1986 total column amounts, of a number of atmospheric gases including O₃, N₂O, HNO₃, CO₂, CH₄, and CF₂C_{1 2} (CFC 12). In addition, vertical column amounts for a number of atmospheric gases covered only in the December 1986 observations have been derived, including HC1, NO, NO₂, and C₂H₆. Some of these results will be discussed here. The HC1 measurements are especially interesting since the observed amounts are higher than expected from observations made at lower latitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres.