X‐Ray Spectroscopic Investigation of Chlorinated Graphene: Surface Structure and Electronic Effects

Chemical doping of graphene represents a powerful means of tailoring its electronic properties. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray spectroscopy offers an effective route to investigate the surface electronic and chemical states of functionalizing dopants. In this work, a suite of X‐ray techniques is used, including near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, and photoemission threshold measurements, to systematically study plasma‐based chlorinated graphene on different substrates, with special focus on its dopant concentration, surface binding energy, bonding configuration, and work function shift. Detailed spectroscopic evidence of C–Cl bond formation at the surface of single layer graphene and correlation of the magnitude of p‐type doping with the surface coverage of adsorbed chlorine is demonstrated for the first time. It is shown that the chlorination process is a highly nonintrusive doping technology, which can effectively produce strongly p‐doped graphene with the 2D nature and long‐range periodicity of the electronic structure of graphene intact. The measurements also reveal that the interaction between graphene and chlorine atoms shows strong substrate effects in terms of both surface coverage and work function shift.     

Bioinspired Interlocked and Hierarchical Design of ZnO Nanowire Arrays for Static and Dynamic Pressure‐Sensitive Electronic Skins

The development of electronic skin (e‐skin) is of great importance in human‐like robotics, healthcare, wearable electronics, and medical applications. In this paper, a bioinspired e‐skin design of hierarchical micro‐ and nano‐structured ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays in an interlocked geometry is suggested for the sensitive detection of both static and dynamic tactile stimuli through piezoresistive and piezoelectric transduction modes, respectively. The interlocked hierarchical structures enable a stress‐sensitive variation in the contact area between the interlocked ZnO NWs and also the efficient bending of ZnO NWs, which allow the sensitive detection of both static and dynamic tactile stimuli. The flexible e‐skin in a piezoresistive mode shows a high pressure sensitivity (?6.8 kPa^?1) and an ultrafast response time (<5 ms), which enables the detection of minute static pressure (0.6 Pa), vibration level (0.1 m s^?2), and sound pressure (≈57 dB). The flexible e‐skin in a piezoelectric mode is also demonstrated to be able to detect fast dynamic stimuli such as high frequency vibrations (≈250 Hz). The flexible e‐skins with both piezoresistive and piezoelectric sensing capabilities may find applications requiring both static and dynamic tactile perceptions such as robotic hands for dexterous manipulations and various healthcare monitoring devices.     

Ag Nanowire Reinforced Highly Stretchable Conductive Fibers for Wearable Electronics

Stretchable conductive fibers have received significant attention due to their possibility of being utilized in wearable and foldable electronics. Here, highly stretchable conductive fiber composed of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded in a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) elastomeric matrix is fabricated. An AgNW‐embedded SBS fiber is fabricated by a simple wet spinning method. Then, the AgNPs are formed on both the surface and inner region of the AgNW‐embedded fiber via repeated cycles of silver precursor absorption and reduction processes. The AgNW‐embedded conductive fiber exhibits superior initial electrical conductivity (σ₀ = 2450 S cm^?1) and elongation at break (900% strain) due to the high weight percentage of the conductive fillers and the use of a highly stretchable SBS elastomer matrix. During the stretching, the embedded AgNWs act as conducting bridges between AgNPs, resulting in the preservation of electrical conductivity under high strain (the rate of conductivity degradation, σ/σ₀ = 4.4% at 100% strain). The AgNW‐embedded conductive fibers show the strain‐sensing behavior with a broad range of applied tensile strain. The AgNW reinforced highly stretchable conductive fibers can be embedded into a smart glove for detecting sign language by integrating five composite fibers in the glove, which can successfully perceive human motions.     

数字时钟电路的设计与仿真

数字时钟设计既是电子教学中最为典型的综合性实验之一,也在商业领域有着极为广泛地应用。文中介绍了一种以74LS190同步可预置的十进制可逆计数IC为主功能芯片,联合其他逻辑门器件共同实现数字时钟功能的电路。该电路包含4个子模块,分别是1Hz脉冲产生电路、计数电路、手动校时电路和整点报时电路。设计过程中利用EWB5.0软件仿真,既提高了设计效率,又节约了设计成本。经验证,该电路工作稳定可靠,达到了预期的效果。     

采取多种措施抑制电子电路噪声

提出了一种从源头上杜绝噪声的设计方案,介绍了电子产品噪声常规的11种检查方法,并给出了11种抑制噪声的途径.试验结果表明:用以上方法进行消噪,具有操作简单、检测性能高、应用范围广、工作效率高、经济效率好的特性.     

真空电子器件用Ga基堵漏钎料的研究

研制成功三种无氧铜真空电子器件堵漏钎料。应用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、微观硬度仪,研究了三种钎料形成的扩散接头界面连接情况,进行了不同扩散温度下的对比试验。结果表明：三种钎料都能与无氧铜形成良好的相互扩散效果;在三种钎料中,Ga-15In钎料与无氧铜形成的相互扩散效果最好;在不同扩散温度下进行试验,Ga-15In钎料在650℃达到与无氧铜形成的相互扩散效果最佳。     

电力电子装置谐波抑制技术的研究

该文从分析电网谐波干扰的原因出发,指出电力电子装置产生的谐波已成为电网的主要谐波干扰源,介绍了国内外解决谐波问题的一些新技术和发展动向.     

电子组件温度循环试验研究

为了使温度循环试验在有效提高电子组件的可靠性方面得以广泛应用,基于温度循环试验的机理,对电子组件温度循环试验的关键参数(温度范围、循环次数、保持时间、温变速率、风速)进行了探讨,给出了这些参数的工程经验选取值。在此基础上,借助热分析软件分析了温变速率、保持时间和风速三个参数对试验过程的影响并定性分析了三个参数间的关系。最后,提出了进行温度循环试验时应注意的问题,强调科学、正确地执行温度循环试验的重要性。     

雷达电磁波三维探测范围可视化仿真

雷达探测范围是可视化虚拟战场生成的一个重要环节,也是难点。雷达电磁波的传播不仅受到自然环境的影响,同时也受到电子干扰环境的影响。在高级传播模型的基础上进行了改进,使得模型能够适用于电子干扰环境。提出了一种圆柱体数据环拼接的可视化方法,解决了圆柱体数据场内密外疏的问题。利用可视化软件包VTK对圆柱体数据场进行了绘制,实现了雷达在自然环境干扰和电子干扰环境下的三维探测范围可视化,绘制的精确度和实时性都可满足要求。     

空间电子设备电路板可靠性可测试性设计检查

为了提高空间电子设备可靠性和可测试性设计的工作质量,采取在印制电路板生产前对其进行可靠性和可测试性设计检查的方法,可以提前在产品研发设计阶段发现可靠性和可测试性设计的不足,有针对性的加以改进,就能进一步提高产品质量与可靠性。列举了印制电路板可靠性可测试性设计检查要点,具有实际工程应用价值。