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71.
Vitali Vogel Jean‐Franois Gohy Bas G. G. Lohmeijer Jacomina A. Van Den Broek Winfried Haase Ulrich S. Schubert Dieter Schubert 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(20):3159-3168
In aqueous solutions, amphiphilic block copolymers in which a polystyrene (PS) segment is connected to a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block via a bis(2,2′:6′,2″‐ terpyridine ruthenium) complex can form micelles. Such micelles of the protomer type PS20‐[Ru]‐PEO70, according to the preparation procedure representing frozen micelles, were studied by sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium analysis in an analytical ultracentrifuge and by transmission electron microscopy, with different techniques applied for the sample preparation. The particles obtained were surprisingly multifarious in size. In ultracentrifugation experiments performed at relatively low salt concentrations, the distributions of the sedimentation coefficient s20,w showed a pronounced peak at 9.6 S and a broad, only partly separated second peak around 14 S. The molar mass of the particles at the peak was around 430,000 g/mol, corresponding to an aggregation number of approximately 85. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the particles in the peak fraction was approximately 13 nm. In electron micrographs of negatively stained samples, spheres of diameters between 10 and 25 nm were the most abundant particles, but larger ones with a wide size range were also visible. The latter particles apparently were composed of smaller ones. The data from both sedimentation analysis and electron microscopy showed that (1) the studied compound formed primary micelles of diameters around 20 nm and (2) the primary micelles had a tendency toward aggregation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3159–3168, 2003 相似文献
72.
Yu. M. Smirnov 《Journal of Russian Laser Research》2003,24(2):121-128
Excitation of rhenium atoms by electron impact is investigated by the method of extended crossing beams. At electron energies of 50 eV, the excitation cross sections of 36 resonance and competing transitions in ReI are measured. Within the energy range from the threshold value to 250 eV, six optical excitation functions are detected. The reliability of data on transition probabilities in ReI has been analyzed. 相似文献
73.
74.
Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury 《Journal of luminescence》2007,124(1):33-38
Laser flash photolysis of phenazine (PZ) solution reveals the existence of a stable species with a long lifetime at 380 nm in addition to the usual triplet PZ at 440 nm. The former is suggested to be due to formation of triplet PZ excimer. The triplet excimer also undergoes photoinduced electron transfer with some aromatic amines. The formation of PZ dimer anion radical and amine cation radicals are confirmed by external magnetic field effect studies. Measurement of B1/2, which estimates hyperfine present in the system, also supports this assignment. 相似文献
75.
S. Longo G. Comunale C. Gorse M. Capitelli 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》1993,13(4):685-700
Two simple kinetic models of a Ne-buffered XeCl laser discharge are presented based on different simplifications of the chemical kinetics of a complex model that recently appeared in the literature. When applied to the study of a small-volume XeCl laser, the results of both simple and complex models are in satisfactory agreement with the experiments. Shifting to a larger-volume laser, both models show problems due to loss of stability of the discharge. A one-dimensional modelling is performed, and it is found that different assumptions on the kinetics of the NeXe+ ion in the discharge lead to completely different results as regards the effect of a preionization-triggered instability. 相似文献
76.
采用自行研制的LB自动提膜装置,制备出大面积(10×8cm2)、高质量的PMMA超薄抗蚀剂膜,并将其用于高分辨率铬掩模版的研制。通过电子束曝光,湿法蚀刻,制作了分辨率优于0.5μm,特征线宽0.38μm的4(100mm)铬掩模版。 相似文献
77.
The behavior of zirconium atoms at the W(100) surface associated with oxygen adsorption at different sample temperatures has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), and the relative change of the work function (Δф) measured by the onset of the secondary electron energy distribution. The results have revealed: (i) adsorption of zirconium onto the W(100) surface followed by the elevation of the sample temperature up to 1710 K in an oxygen partial pressure of 2.7 × 10−4 induces complete diffusion of zirconium atoms into the W(100) substrate; (ii) further exposure of oxygen induces co-existence of oxygen and tungsten on the surface at 1710 K, resulting in a work function of 4.37 eV; (iii) keeping the sample temperature at 1710 K, simple evacuation of the system has resulted in surface segregation of zirconium atoms to the surface to form a zirconium atomic layer on the top-most surface, reducing the work function to 2.7 eV. The results have revealed that this specific behavior of zirconium atoms at high temperature assures, with very good reproducibility, the highly stable performance and long service life of Zr---O/W(100)-emitters in practical use, even in a low vacuum of 10−6 Pa. 相似文献
78.
A fundamental research of structural defects induced upon post-growth processing of ZnSe/GaAs epilayers grown on (100) GaAs
was done by identifying defect-related reflections in the transmission electron diffraction (TED) patterns of ZnSe. Structural
artifacts, other than the as-grown defects, on this material system could be excluded according to our results. Four types
of abnormal reflections have been observed in addition to primary reflections. These extra reflections are sensitive to the
post-growth processing of ZnSe epilayers and may arise from various external effects, rather than epitaxy growth, such as
irradiation damage, surface oxidation, and surface contamination. By mapping these reflections at several major zone axes
using TED patterns, we found that the reciprocal lattice for a ZnSe crystal with structural defects consists of two distinct
types of extra reflections associated with irradiation damage. The first type of extra reflections is ±1/3{111} and the other
is ±1/2{111} corresponding to pure-edge and non-edge dislocation loops, respectively. For (100) oriented wafers, the ±1/3{111}
and ±1/2{111} reflections were observed only on two of the four possible 〈111〉 variants (i.e. [111]Zn and [111]Zn)and this phenomenon was attributed to the anisotropy of defect distribution. Extra reflections associated with surface oxidation
and contamination are also observed. The orientation relationships between a surface hexagonal ZnO and a cubic ZnSe film are
[0001]ZnO//[−111]ZnSe, and [01−11]ZnO//[011]ZnSe. The origin, characterization, and elimination of these induced reflections are discussed. With the knowledge about these
extra effects on structural defect formation, we have shown the real microstructure of ZnSe epilayers. 相似文献
79.
我们对多电子束契伦柯夫自由电子激光进行了首次实验研究。280A,500kV的电子束被引入一多介质矩形谐振腔,在频率为33.4GHz处产生了1.7MW的契伦柯夫相干受激辐射。互作用效率为1.2%。 相似文献
80.
通过把迁移率的实测值与影响HgCdTe晶体电子迁移率的主要散射机构进行对比,得出结论:位错是HgCdTe晶体低温电子迁移率降低的主要原因。 相似文献