Effect of gamma irradiation with or without hot water dip and transportation from Thailand to Canada on nutritional qualities, ripening index and sensorial characteristics of Thai mangoes (Nahng Glahng Wahn variety)

Two lots of mangoes of the Nahng Glahng Wahn variety from Thailand were irradiated at the Thai Irradiation Center (TIC) at 0.49 to 0.77 kGy. Following this, one batch was retained in Thailand while the other was shipped to the Canadian Irradiation Center (CIC) for investigation of the same variables during storage. This way, it was hoped to compare the effects of gamma radiation with hot water dip (HWI) or without (I) before and after transportation on the ripening, vitamin C and vitamin A content and sensory qualities of mangoes. The results indicate that the I and HWI treatments delayed the ripening of the mangoes. The irradiated groups appeared to have a slightly higher content of ascorbic acid on the first day after irradiation than their corresponding controls. The sensory evaluation indicates that the panelists mostly favoured the I and HWI irradiated groups for the overall appearance and texture of whole mangoes and pulp and in taste and palatability of the pulp alone. Transportation stress did not appear to have much of an effect on the ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid levels and the sensorial tests. The mangoes stored and studied in Canada appeared to have a lower vitamin A content.     

多电子束契伦柯夫自由电子激光振荡器

我们对多电子束契伦柯夫自由电子激光进行了首次实验研究。280A,500kV的电子束被引入一多介质矩形谐振腔,在频率为33.4GHz处产生了1.7MW的契伦柯夫相干受激辐射。互作用效率为1.2％。     

影响碲镉汞晶体电子迁移率的主要因素

通过把迁移率的实测值与影响ＨｇＣｄＴｅ晶体电子迁移率的主要散射机构进行对比，得出结论：位错是ＨｇＣｄＴｅ晶体低温电子迁移率降低的主要原因。     

Combined X-ray-electron imaging techniques: Limitations on lateral resolution

Capabilities of the imaging techniques, in which X-rays are converted to electrons and then the emitted electrons are registered by means of an electron microscope, are analyzed, the focus being on the factors limiting lateral resolution at the stage of electron emission. Bearing in mind the tendency to use harder synchrotron X-rays for some combined X-ray-electron microscopy methods, calculations were made for two significantly different X-ray energies: E = 1.828 keV (K-edge of Si) and E = 11.923 keV (L₃-edge of Au). By using Monte Carlo simulations of the electron trajectories beneath the surface of the sample we show that the radius of the spot from which photoelectrons are emitted could be as small as 1 nm. However, when proper account is taken of an entire electron cascade associated with the re-building of electron shells after photoelectron emission, spots more than one order of magnitude larger result, limiting the best lateral resolution to 20–30 nm.     

热场致发射电子源曝光系统的技术现状和应用前景

高亮度、长寿命的热场致发射(Thermal field emitter)阴极自七十年代中期已受到人们的关注和重视,历经十多年在理论分析、工艺制备和实验研究上做了大量工作之后,于1988年在电子束曝光机上的应用中取得了突破性进展。用晶向为(100)的钨和具有低逸出功的锆制成的(Zr/O/W)热场致发射阴极在四千小时的使用寿命下亮度值超过六硼化镧阴极一个数量级以上,最近的实验结果表明:在工件台上小束斑下能得到接近两千安培每平方厘米的束流密度,而且四十小时内束流稳定度接近千分之一。显然,这几个表征曝光系统综合技术性能的重要指标,说明多年困扰于各种电子束曝光系统(特别是高斯圆斑电子束系统)在高分辨率情况下生产率较低的技术难题已经得到了比较圆满的解决。 八十年代末期,当热场致发射电子源曝光系统的技术关键解决后,这项技术就成为技术发达国家,特别是美国和日本,在电子束曝光领域进行技术竞争的热点;九一年五月底在美国召开的国际三束会议上有关场致发射阴极和MEBES—4型机已经采用TFE的最新报道充分证实了这项技术在电子束曝光技术应用中的重要地位和发展潜力。     

Directional crystallization and self-assembling initiated by mechanical shock or electron beam in nanocrystalline Co-C and Fe-C films

We investigated iron and cobalt films with 20% carbon concentration with nanocrystalline structure. One of the aims of this work is to analyze the physical nature of high-speed structural self-assembling as often happens in explosive crystallization processes in these films.     

变参数波振器中小信号增益公式

利用微扰展开技术推导出变参数波振器的小信号增益两个近似求积表达式并将其计算结果与数值模拟结果进行了比较,二者吻合很好。利用近似解析式对小信号增益进行了初步探讨,得到了电子入射能量可低于初始谐振能,能散度允许范围受波振器设计影响以及降低锥度改变率可提高小信号增益等新结论。     

A density functional theory computational study of the role of ligand on the stability of CuI and CuII species associated with ATRP and SET‐LRP

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and single electron‐transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) both utilize copper complexes of various oxidation states with N‐ligands to perform their respective activation and deactivation steps. Herein, we utilize DFT (B3YLP) methods to determine the preferred ligand‐binding geometries for Cu/N‐ligand complexes related to ATRP and SET‐LRP. We find that those ligands capable of achieving tetrahedral complexes with Cu^I and trigonal bipyramidal with axial halide complexes with [Cu^IIX]⁺ have higher energies of stabilization. We were able to correlate calculated preferential stabilization of [Cu^IIX]⁺ with those ligands that perform best in SET‐LRP. A crude calculation of energy of disproportionation revealed that the same preferential binding of [Cu^IIX]⁺ results in increased propensity for disproportionation. Finally, by examining the relative energies of the basic steps of ATRP and SET‐LRP, we were able to rationalize the transition from the ATRP mechanism to the SET‐LRP mechanism as we transition from typical nonpolar ATRP solvents to polar SET‐LRP solvents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4950–4964, 2007     

Irradiation-induced reduction and luminescence properties of Sm doped in BaBPO5

Usually, Sm²⁺ ions could be reduced by heating the materials in reducing atmospheres. Exposure to ionizing radiations is also known to cause Sm³⁺→Sm²⁺ conversion. In this work, BaBPO₅ doped with the samarium ion was prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction. Sm²⁺ ions were obtained by two different reduction methods, i.e., heating in H₂ reduced atmosphere and X-ray irradiation. The measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were investigated. It is found that the conversion of Sm³⁺→Sm²⁺ is very efficient in BaBPO₅ hosts after X-ray irradiation. Sm²⁺ ions under these two reduction methods exhibit different characteristics that were studied by measurements of luminescence and decay. The results showed that the luminescence properties of Sm²⁺ ions in BaBPO₅ were highly dependent on the sample preparation conditions.