有机聚合物太阳电池电极的表面性能研究

采用多种方法对有机聚合物电池的电极进行表面处理,在测量接触角的基础上,应用几何平均法计算了电极样品的表面能和极性度,研究了处理方法对电极表面润湿性能的影响。结果表明,电极表面性能与其处理方法密切相关,等离子处理具有最小的接触角、最大的表面能和极性度,有效增强了电极表面的润湿性能,这一结果对于优化电极/活性层的界面性质,改善有机聚合物太阳电池的光伏性能具有非常重要的作用。     

人体通信模型与信道特性研究

建立了基于人体多层组织结构的人体通信系统模型.利用人体的波导效应,直接将电磁信号耦合到人体.采用FDTD算法从电磁场与人体交互作用的角度仿真了人体通信的信道特性.结果表明,450～750 MHz和1～1.2 GHz是人体通信的两个最佳通信频段;合理选择收发机的结构,包括电路板尺寸、电极距离和大小,可以有效提高通信效率.分析人体通信电场的传输机制发现,信号沿着人体表面向四周爬行,因此接收机放在人体表面的任何一个位置均可接收信号.     

Effects of transparent bottom electrode thickness on characteristics of transparent organic light-emitting devices

We conduct both simulation and experiment studies of impacts of simultaneously varying the thicknesses of transparent bottom electrodes and semi-transparent top thin metal electrodes on optical characteristics (e.g., transmission, reflection) and efficiencies of transparent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). For the thickness range of both electrodes studied, the total electroluminescent (EL) efficiencies (including both bottom and top emission), EL spectra, and emission patterns remain similar; yet the ratio of top to bottom emission would be modulated by the semi-transparent top metal electrode thickness. The thickness of the transparent bottom electrode has weak effects on the efficiencies of top/bottom/total emission, but it does have definite effects on optical transmission/reflection spectra (e.g. peak/valley wavelengths). Meanwhile, the thickness of semi-transparent top metal electrodes mainly affect magnitudes of the optical transmission/reflection. Transmissive/reflective hues and appearances of the transparent OLEDs can thus be tuned by the thicknesses of bottom/top electrodes. Overall, we demonstrated efficient transparent green phosphorescent OLEDs exhibiting a high peak transmittance of up to 81% and rather high total external quantum efficiencies of up to 21–21.5% (corresponding to a total current efficiency of 80–82 cd/A and total power efficiency of 95–99 l m/W), among the highest (if not the highest) for planar transparent OLEDs using no other optical out-coupling structures. By varying the thicknesses of transparent bottom electrodes and semi-transparent top metal electrodes, the ratio of top to bottom emission, and the transmissive or reflective hues/appearances of transparent OLEDs in the off state can be tuned, yet without sacrificing total EL efficiencies or changing their EL colors/patterns. Such tunable optical characteristics of transparent OLEDs may find some interesting applications.     

有机太阳能电池电极修饰方法的研究进展

20世纪以来,能源问题日益成为制约世界经济发展的瓶颈。人们逐渐把目光投向可再生无污染能源,诸如太阳能、风能、生物能、潮汐能等可循环利用资源,其中太阳能的应用前景最为广阔,把太阳能转化为电能已成为现实。文章重点研究提高有机光伏电池效率的电极修饰方法,主要介绍了有机太阳能电池阴阳两极界面修饰的材料和方法,同时阐述了新的阳极材料和电池结构模型即反型倒置太阳能电池的研究进展情况,通过大量的理论和实验证明,电极修饰可极大地提高器件的光电转换效率、寿命和稳定性。     

Computer controlled-flow injection potentiometric system based on virtual instrumentation for the monitoring of metal-biosorption processes

A completely automated flow-injection system was developed for the monitoring of biosorption studies of Cu(II) ion on vegetable waste by-products. The system employed flow-through Cu(II)-selective electrodes, of epoxy-resin-CuS/Ag₂S heterogeneous crystalline type, and computer controlled pumps and valves for the flow operation. Computer automation was done through a specially devised virtual instrument, which commanded and periodically calibrated the system, allowing for the monitoring of Cu(II) ions between 0.6 and 6530 mg L⁻¹ at a typical frequency of 15 h⁻¹. Grape stalk wastes were used as biosorbent to remove Cu(II) ions in a fixed-bed column with a sorption capacity of 5.46 mg g⁻¹, obtained by the developed flow system, while the reference determination performed by FAAS technique supplied a comparable value of 5.41 mg g⁻¹.     

Sensitive and Simple Electrochemical Detection of Lead(II) with Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode

In this paper a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was fabricated by using ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethylsulphate ([EMIM]EtOSO₃) as the modifier and further used as the working electrode for the sensitive anodic stripping voltammetric detection of Pb²⁺. The characteristics of the CILE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In pH 4.5 NaAc‐HAc buffer Pb²⁺ was accumulated on the surface of CILE due to the extraction effect of IL and reduced at a negative potential (‐1.20 V). Then the reduced Pb was oxidized by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with an obvious stripping peak appeared at ?0.67 V. Under the optimal conditions Pb²⁺ could be detected in the concentration range from 1.0 × 10^?8 mol/L to 1.0 × 10^?6 mol/L with the linear regression equation as I_p(μA) = ?0.103 C (μmol/L) + 0.0376 (γ = 0.999) and the detection limit as 3.0 × l0^?9 mol/L (3σ). Interferences from other metal ions were investigated and Cd²⁺ could be simultaneously detected in the mixture solution. The proposed method was further applied to the trace levels of Pb²⁺ detection in water samples with satisfactory results.     

乙酰二茂铁修饰碳糊电极测定废水中对氨基苯酚

利用线性扫描溶出伏安法研究了对氨基苯酚(PAP)在乙酰二茂铁修饰碳糊电极电化学行为。结果表明:在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH3.2)中,该修饰电极对PAP具有较好的催化活性,其峰电流与PAP浓度在7.0×10-7～3.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。利用该法测定了模拟水样中PAP的含量。     

槲皮素在悬汞电极上的伏安行为研究

应用循环扫描伏安法考察槲皮素在悬汞电极上的电化学行为,并用线性扫描伏安法测定其含量。在0.1mol/LNa2CO3-NaHCO3(pH9.51)缓冲溶液中,槲皮素在-1.33V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处出现灵敏的还原峰,峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-6～2.0×10-5mol/L(r=0.9989)范围内呈良好的线性关系。该方法可直接用于罗布麻叶中槲皮素的含量测定。     

含氢电极脉冲放电等离子体特性诊断

利用飞行时间质谱法诊断了含氢电极脉冲真空弧离子源放电等离子体成分、离子电荷状态及离子扩散速度等特性.实验结果表明,含氢电极脉冲真空弧离子源放电等离子体的离子成分主要由H+,Ti+,Ti2+和Ti3+组成,其中Ti2+占主要部分.当放电电流为40～80 A时,Ti离子的平均电荷数在1.95～2.13之间,随着放电电流的增...     

Cyclic voltammetry of nitrophenyl N‐glycosides on mercury electrode

Ten nitrophenyl N‐glycosides have been studied electrochemically in neutral (at pH 7) water–organic solutions by cyclic voltammetry using static mercury drop electrode. For all compounds under investigation the two electrochemical processes have been observed: the four‐electron irreversible reduction of their nitro groups to the corresponding phenylhydroxylamine derivatives, as well as the two‐electron quasi‐reversible process between phenylhydroxylamine and nitroso derivatives. For three compounds the additional electrochemical processes have been also observed, which can be connected with the formation of azoxybenzene derivatives. The potentials of both redox processes: a two‐electron quasi‐reversible R? NHOH/R? NO (E_f) and four‐electron irreversible R? NO₂/R? NHOH (E_pc(I)) systems have been determined and discussed according to crystal structures of selected compounds. E_f and E_pc(I) depended strongly on the positive mesomeric effect (caused by glycosidic nitrogen atom), as well as on the intramolecular hydrogen bond between electroactive nitro group and the hydrogen atom at the glycosidic atom observed in N‐o‐nitrophenyl‐2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosylamine. Moreover, the chirality of selected reactants has had the pronounced effect on the E_pc(I). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.