Redox-Responsive Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers and Gels Containing bis-Terpyridine Appended Cyclam Ligand

Summary: Soluble coordination polymers and gels built from a polytopic ligand containing two terpyridine units linked by a azamacrocyclic group are presented. This system originally incorporates two different types of metal complexes in the same polymer chain which induces remarkable electrochromic properties and a rare redox triggered reversible sol-gel transition.     

Electrochromic Properties of ‘Trimeric' Thiophene‐pyrrole‐thiophene Derivative Grown from Electrodeposited 6‐(2,5‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)hexan‐1‐amine and its Copolymer

A centrosymmetric polymer precursor, namely 6‐(2,5‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)hexan‐1‐amine (TPHA), was synthesized via a Knorr–Paal reaction using 1,4‐di(2‐thienyl)‐1,4‐butanedione and hexane‐1,6‐diamine. The resultant monomer was characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H‐NMR). Electroactivity of TPHA was investigated via cyclic voltammetry. The electronic structure and the nature of electrochromism in P(TPHA) and its copolymer with EDOT, (P(TPHA‐co‐EDOT)), were examined via spectroelectrochemistry studies. P(TPHA) switches between claret red neutral state and blue oxidized state. Optical response times for coloring and bleaching processes of the P(TPHA) and P(TPHA‐co‐EDOT) were found as 2.1 s and 1.6 s, respectively.

The copolymer of TPHA was used to construct dual type polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) against poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic switching out of the devices were investigated.     

A new donor‐acceptor type polymeric material from a thiophene derivative and its electrochromic properties

A new electrochromic polymer, poly(2,3,5,8‐tetra(thiophen‐2‐yl)quinoxaline) (PTTQ), was synthesized electrochemically and its electrochromic properties were investigated. The polymer was characterized by Cyclic Voltammetry, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐Vis‐NIR Spectroscopy, and colorimetry. Spectroelectrochemistry analysis demonstrated that the polymer can undergo both p‐ and true n‐type doping processes. The polymer, (PTTQ), has three accessible color states: an oxidized transmissive, a neutral light bluish‐green, and a reduced transmissive light gray. Switching ability of the polymer was evaluated by kinetic studies. The polymer revealed an excellent optical contrast of 98% in the NIR region. Outstanding optical contrast in the NIR region, high stability and fast switching times make this polymer an excellent candidate for NIR device applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3723–3731, 2008     

反应溅射制备NiOx薄膜及其电致变色特性

在适当氧压下二极管式反应溅射镍靶制备NiOx薄膜，该薄膜无需长时间活化而直接在液体电解质KOH—H2O与LiCIO4-PC中均有稳定的电色性和牢固性，XPS分祈表明，O10具有两种结合能状态对应于Ni^2 和Ni^3 .     

不同晶型WO3·0.33H2O的结构及性能

以Na2WO4.2H2O为主要原料,采用液相法(80℃)和离子交换-水热法(150℃)分别制备了六方WO3.0.33H2O和以正交相为主的混合晶型WO3.0.33H2O。通过对2种晶型WO3.0.33H2O材料进行X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射电子扫描显微镜(FE-SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和循环伏安测试,表征了产物的晶相和结构等。正交WO.30.33H2O结构中由于相邻钨氧八面体层的相互位移而形成空隙,六方WO3.0.33H2O结构中没有位移则形成孔道;正交WO3.0.33H2O具有比六方WO3.0.33H2O更短键长的W=O和更负的导带位置。紫外-可见透射光谱研究表明,六方WO.30.33H2O具有更明显的电致变色效应,可能是因为结构中的孔道使H+易扩散使六方WO.30.33H2O更易发生氧化还原反应。光催化性能研究表明,正交WO3.0.33H2O具有更负的导带位置,价带电子跃迁后易于向电子受体转移,抑制了电子和空穴的复合,使得混合晶型WO3.0.33H2O的紫外光光催化能力相对六方WO.30.33H2O更强。     

Dibenzophenazine-Based TADF Emitters as Dual Electrochromic and Electroluminescence Materials

Previous work has reported the synthesis of donor–acceptor–donor molecules based on dibenzophenazine acceptor group, presenting thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) properties and their application in the assembly of highly efficient electroluminescent devices. Herein, we focus on the characterisation of charge carrier species through UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical and potentiostatic EPR techniques, in addition to the investigation of electropolymerisation properties of some compounds depicted in this study. The promising electrochromic features of both small molecules and conjugated polymers led to the assembly and investigation of electrochromic devices, evidencing the materials’ versatility, applied in such different approaches as electrochromic windows and electroluminescent devices. Furthermore, the assembled OLEDs provided high efficiencies, with small roll-off, EQEs up to 20.5 % and luminance values up to 85 000 cd/m².     

Novel aromatic polyamides containing 2‐diphenylamino‐(9,9‐dimethylamine) units as multicolored electrochromic and high‐contrast electrofluorescent materials

A series of electrochromic and photoluminescence‐active polyamides 4a‐4e were prepared from a novel dicarboxylic acid, N,N‐di(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2‐amino‐9,9‐dimethylfluorene, and five diamines via a condensation polymerization. These polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in many solvents. The glass transition temperatures were in the range of 281–339 °C and the 10% weight loss temperatures in nitrogen were in excess of 490 °C. The polyamides exhibited strong fluorescence in either solution or solid states. The polyamides 4a‐4d showed reversible electrochemical redox with color changing from colorless to grey‐green. Specially, the polyamide 4e with 2‐diphenylamino‐(9,9‐dimethylamine) group in both diamine and dicarboxylic acid residues exhibited multicolored electrochromic behaviors. Furthermore, the fluorescence of these polyamides could be reversibly electroswitched with a high contrast up to 221.4, enabling their potential applications in dual‐switching electrochromic/electrofluorescent materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 213–222     

苯胺四聚体薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能

以苯胺四聚体做为电致变色材料, 在保持ITO有效涂覆面积不变的情况下, 通过控制溶液浓度和用量的方式控制膜厚, 采用自然铺展的方式制备得到了均匀的电致变色膜. 循环伏安特性曲线表明, 在－0.2～0.8 V电压范围内, 随着电压的升高, 苯胺四聚体结构发生从还原态到中间态再到氧化态的转变, 并伴随着颜色从浅黄色到绿色再到蓝色的变化. 研究发现, 电解质溶液种类和膜厚对苯胺四聚体膜的电致变色性能有较大影响. 苯胺四聚体膜的对比度按照HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, LiClO₄电解质溶液的顺序依次降低. 随着膜厚度增加, 苯胺四聚体膜的对比度增加, 响应时间延长. 当采用樟脑磺酸掺杂的苯胺四聚体制备电致变色膜时, 在其他条件相同的情况下可以提高苯胺四聚体膜的对比度并同时缩短响应时间.     

PEDOT基光子晶体的制备及其电致变色性能研究

采用改进的Stöber法合成了单分散SiO₂微球, 通过垂直沉积组装成蛋白石结构光子晶体. 再使用电化学法在组装的SiO₂微球表面生成聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)(PEDOT), 得到核-壳结构的SiO₂@PEDOT光子晶体复合膜. 测试了SiO₂@PEDOT光子晶体薄膜的反射光谱、循环伏安曲线、多电位紫外反射光谱、对比度及响应时间等光学、电化学及电致变色性能. 结果表明, 该光子晶体薄膜在变色时颜色亮丽, 其色差值(26.82)比纯PEDOT薄膜(18.07)提高很多, 并且最大对比度可达39.8%, 高于纯PEDOT薄膜的27.4%, 同时响应时间变快. 此实验结果说明将光子晶体结构引入导电聚合物中, 能够提高其电致变色性能.