Morphology,surface roughness,electron inelastic and quasielastic scattering in elastic peak electron spectroscopy of polymers

In elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES), the nearest vicinity of elastic peak in the low kinetic energy region reflects electron inelastic and quasielastic processes. Incident electrons produce surface excitations, inducing surface plasmons, with the corresponding loss peaks separated by 1–20 eV energy from the elastic peak. In this work, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and helium pycnometry are applied for determining surface atomic composition and bulk density, whereas atomic force microscopy (AFM) is applied for determining surface morphology and roughness. The component due to electron recoil on hydrogen atoms can be observed in EPES spectra for selected primary electron energies. Simulations of EPES predict a larger contribution of the hydrogen component than observed experimentally, where hydrogen deficiency is observed. Elastic peak intensity is influenced more strongly by surface morphology (roughness and porosity) than by surface excitations and quasielastic scattering of electrons by hydrogen atoms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

爆炸冲击的激光多普勒远距离测量技术的研究

利用激光多普勒效应和数字信号处理方法,获取爆炸冲击过程中的高速变形参数,以此作为对爆炸强度分析的依据。根据爆炸变形的特点,设计了外差式纵向激光多普勒测量系统,提出了相应的数字滤波和频谱分析的信号处理方法,实现了爆炸变形的动态测量。系统测量的位移量程为±30mm,速度量程为-10~+20m/s,测量距离为4.5m。与振动台的试验对比,位移测量相对误差小于1%。给出了圆筒钢制爆炸容器在300gTNT当量炸药爆炸过程中弹性变形的测量结果。     

S-Band 1mm SiC MESFET with 2W Output on Semi-Insulated SiC Substrate

介绍了用热壁反应炉在50mm SiC半绝缘衬底上制备的SiC MESFET外延材料.其沟道层厚度约为0.35μm,掺杂浓度约为1.7×1017cm-3.沟道和衬底之间的缓冲层为非有意掺杂的弱n型.欧姆接触用的帽层掺杂浓度约1019cm-3.器件制备采用了ICP刻蚀等技术.微波测试结果表明,1mm栅宽功率器件封装后在2GHz下输出功率达到了2W.     

卫星用复合材料压力容器力学特性研究

为了研究航天复合材料压力容器内衬与复合材料双层壳体的力学特性,通过优化复合材料网格理论算法,针对钛合金内衬(TC4)/碳纤维(T1000GB)缠绕柱形复合材料压力容器进行了应力应变特性分析.以纤维预紧应力为自变量,研究其对内衬/纤维双层壳体在预紧压力、工作压力、验证压力和爆破压力下应力的影响,提出了优化设计的解析解法,...     

基于有限元模拟的超声应力系数标定及分析*

应力系数的标定作为超声应力检测最为关键的环节,直接决定应力检测结果的准确性。传统的应力系数试验标定对于被测物的表面粗糙度、耦合剂厚度、声匹配块与被测物接触力等因素十分敏感,但缺少基本参照值。基于COMSOL建立多物理场耦合的超声应力检测模型,施加不同的拉伸载荷,计算临界折射纵波到达时间与不同应力值之间的关系,模拟标定45#钢的超声应力系数为13.7MPa/ns。单轴水平拉伸试验标定的45#钢应力系数为16.5MPa/ns。结果表明,通过两种方法标定的应力系数较为接近,试验标定的应力系数偏大,这是由于有限元方法能够消除试验过程中各种不确定因素对声时精确测量所造成的影响,能够更加纯粹的反映材料的声弹性效应,因此具有作为基础数据的参考价值。有限元方法作为传统试验方法的补充,可以减小试验标定数据的离散性,提高超声应力检测结果的可信度。     

基于四水听器的充水弹性管声速测量方法*

实验室中水声材料声学参数的测量主要在水声声管中进行。管内平面波声速是正确测量这些参数的基础。该文提出一种基于四水听器结合不同边界的测量充水弹性管中声速的新方法。该方法利用4个固定位置处的水听器,采用最小二乘的方法,使得两组水听器分别得到的声管末端入射波声压差值的平方最小的声速即为管内平面波声速。该方法利用单频信号,在每一频率点均可测得声速,可以在任一种声管末端边界下进行测量,同时无需知道各水听器到边界的精确距离,在文中的3种边界下声速测量结果具有很好的一致性,实验操作简单、误差很小。该方法的仿真结果与管内声速的理论值吻合得很好,同时实验测量结果与仿真值之间的误差很小,证明了方法的准确性以及鲁棒性,为声管声速测量提供一个很好的思路。     

Application of scaled boundary finite element method in static and dynamic fracture problems

The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is a recently developed numerical method combining advantages of both finite element methods (FEM) and boundary element methods (BEM) and with its own special features as well. One of the most prominent advantages is its capability of calculating stress intensity factors (SIFs) directly from the stress solutions whose singularities at crack tips are analytically represented. This advantage is taken in this study to model static and dynamic fracture problems. For static problems, a remeshing algorithm as simple as used in the BEM is developed while retaining the generality and flexibility of the FEM. Fully-automatic modelling of the mixed-mode crack propagation is then realised by combining the remeshing algorithm with a propagation criterion. For dynamic fracture problems, a newly developed series-increasing solution to the SBFEM governing equations in the frequency domain is applied to calculate dynamic SIFs. Three plane problems are modelled. The numerical results show that the SBFEM can accurately predict static and dynamic SIFs, cracking paths and load-displacement curves, using only a fraction of degrees of freedom generally needed by the traditional finite element methods.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50579081) and the Australian Research Council (DP0452681)The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

准饱和土体中圆形衬砌对弹性波的散射

采用Vardoulakis和Beskos提出的准饱和土体的波动控制方程,根据Helmholtz矢量分解定理,得到了准饱和土中P1波(快压缩波)、P2波(慢压缩波)和S波(剪切波)的波数的势函数表达式.将准饱和土体和圆形衬砌视为各向同性的均质体,运用波函数展开法将入射波、散射波和折射波的势函数展开成Fourier-Bessel函数的级数形式,根据准饱和土体与衬砌边界处应力和位移连续及衬砌内完全自由的边界条件,得到了平面P1波入射下,准饱和土体内深埋圆形衬砌的散射系数和折射系数的理论解,通过数值计算分析了饱和度对准饱和土体和衬砌的DSCF(动应力集中因子)及准饱和土体的PPCF(孔压集中因子)的影响规律,结果表明:准饱和土体的DSCF随着饱和度的增大而减小,衬砌的DSCF基本不受饱和度的影响,而准饱和土体的PPCF则随着饱和度的增大而增大.     

考虑油膜力作用的船舶主推进系统冲击研究

舰船推进轴系是舰船动力装置的重要组成部分,它的稳定性是舰船生命力的基本保证.本文以舰船主推进轴系为研究对象,考虑了非线性油膜力的作用,在推进轴的非线性油膜力模型中,考虑了油膜涡动效应和挤压效应以及多个轴承油膜力的耦合影响,并考虑了轴承结构本身的刚度.文中采用弹性体动力学方法对推进轴建模,考虑了在外冲击作用下转速和轴承油膜力对于转轴冲击响应的影响,考虑横向运动与转动耦合作用,导出以非线性偏微分方程描述的舰船主推进轴的动力学方程,并用经典理论对其进行离散,最后采用龙格-库塔法进行数值仿真.实例分析指出转速对于转轴冲击响应的影响不可忽略.     

Stability and vibration of a helical rod constrained by a cylinder

The stability and vibration of an elastic rod with a circular cross section under the constraint of a cylinder is discussed. The differential equations of dynamics of the constrained rod are established with Euler’s angles as variables describing the attitude of the cross section. The existence conditions of helical equilibrium under constraint are discussed as a special configuration of the rod. The stability of the helical equilibrium is discussed in the realms of statics and dynamics, respectively. Necessary conditions for the stability of helical rod are derived in space domain and time domain, and the difference and relationship between Lyapunov’s and Euler’s stability concepts are discussed. The free frequency of flexural vibration of the helical rod with cylinder constraint is obtained in analytical form. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472067). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.