基于小波和矩的图像字符特征提取方法研究

提取稳定而有代表性的特征是视频图像字符识别的核心问题之一。文章提出了一种基于小波和矩的图像字符特征向量提取方法。通过对字符图像的不同小波分解子图求取不同的矩特征，构造出字符的特征向量。该方法将小波对图像结构精细特征的把握能力强的优点与矩所具有的平移，缩放和旋转不变及抗噪性强的特性有机地结合起来，特征向量稳定、识别准确率高、算法快、抗噪性能强，且特征提取方法具有类人视觉特点。     

一种红外目标自动识别算法

针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种红外目标自动识别方法,推导了不变矩的计算公式,以试验数据为依据分析了噪声的影响.试验结果表明,对于仅含有一个飞机目标的红外图像,本文提出的方法的识别准确率可达到80%以上.     

自旋为1/2的XY模型亚铁磁棱型链的物性和有序-无序竞争

利用不变本征算符法, 计算低温下自旋为1/2的XY模型一维亚铁磁棱型链系统的元激发谱, 讨论在此系统中不同的特殊情形下的元激发能量, 从而给出体系的三个临界磁场强度的解析解H_C1, H_C2, H_peak. 分析不同外磁场下 体系的磁化强度随温度的变化规律, 发现三个临界磁场强度的解析解H_C1, H_C2, H_peak是正确的, 并从三个元激发对磁化强度的贡献进行了说明. 低温下磁化强度随外磁场的变化呈现1/3磁化平台. 体系的磁化率随温度或者外磁场的变化都出现了双峰现象. 这说明双峰源于二聚体分子内电子自旋平行排列的铁磁交换作 用能和二聚体与单基体分子间电子自旋反平行排列的反铁磁交换作用能, 热无序能, 外磁场强度相关的自旋磁矩势能之间的竞争.     

基于边缘定向增强的各向异性扩散抑噪方法

本文提出了一个新的边缘定向增强扩散模型.针对现有各向异性扩散方程中,边缘增强扩散模型不能正确地对边缘定向,而相干增强扩散模型易在光滑处产生虚假边缘的缺点,本文的模型采用基于非线性光滑算子的边缘定向算子对边缘定向,并根据边缘的位置和方向设置扩散张量的特征根,使其在光滑区域沿边缘方向和垂直边缘方向均具有较大值,而在边缘区域垂直边缘方向值小,沿边缘方向值大,从而达到既保护边缘又去除噪声的目的,在整幅图像上均具有较好的去噪效果.理论分析和数值计算结果均表明,本文方法具有比现有扩散去噪方法更好的去噪效果,同时在峰值信噪比和边缘保护指数方面具有显著优势.     

关于反中心对称矩阵的某些性质探讨

利用反中心对称矩阵的定义以及翻转矩阵等技巧,给出了反中心对称矩阵的伴随矩阵、特征值及特征向量的一些新结论.     

Perturbation-Based Eigenvector Updates for On-Line Principal Components Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis

Principal components analysis is an important and well-studied subject in statistics and signal processing. Several algorithms for solving this problem exist, and could be mostly grouped into one of the following three approaches: adaptation based on Hebbian updates and deflation, optimization of a second order statistical criterion (like reconstruction error or output variance), and fixed point update rules with deflation. In this study, we propose an alternate approach that avoids deflation and gradient-search techniques. The proposed method is an on-line procedure based on recursively updating the eigenvector and eigenvalue matrices with every new sample such that the estimates approximately track their true values as would be calculated analytically from the current sample estimate of the data covariance matrix. The perturbation technique is theoretically shown to be applicable for recursive canonical correlation analysis, as well. The performance of this algorithm is compared with that of a structurally similar matrix perturbation-based method and also with a few other traditional methods like Sanger’s rule and APEX.

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Stability of principal components

In this article we deal with the problem of stability of the conclusions from principal components analysis over repeated samples. We define a measure of stability for each component and investigate some of the measures properties. We then obtain the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the measures, and derive their joint limiting distributions. The MLEs of the measures turn out to be asymptotically unbiased and jointly have the multivariate normal distribution. Modified estimators are also found to reduce the amount of bias in the MLEs. To facilitate interpretation of the measures we define stability confidence level as coverage probability, and associate with each measure a stability confidence level to describe the measure in terms of probability. Finally, we investigate the stability of the components via a simulation study and compare the performance of the MLEs and the modified estimators in terms of bias and precision. This work was sponsored by a grant from the Office of Vice-President for Research at Kuwait University under project number SS049.     

A convergence analysis of the inexact Rayleigh quotient iteration and simplified Jacobi-Davidson method for the large Hermitian matrix eigenproblem

The inexact Rayleigh quotient iteration (RQI) is used for computing the smallest eigenpair of a large Hermitian matrix. Under certain condition, the method was proved to converge quadratically in literature. However, it is shown in this paper that under the original given condition the inexact RQI may not quadratically converge to the desired eigenpair and even may misconverge to some other undesired eigenpair. A new condition, called the uniform positiveness condition, is given that can fix misconvergence problem and ensure the quadratic convergence of the inexact RQI. An alternative to the inexact RQI is the Jacobi-Davidson (JD) method without subspace acceleration. A new proof of its linear convergence is presented and a sharper bound is established in the paper. All the results are verified and analyzed by numerical experiments. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10471074, 10771116) and the Doctoral Program of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20060003003)     

基于系统空间结构的约当规范形广义特征向量的求解方法

基于系统空间结构的分析 ,给出了求解系统约当规范形广义特征向量的新方法 .与 [1 ]中给出的方法相比 ,本文的方法更简单直接 .最后举例说明了方法的应用 .     

一类混合图的结构及其特征空间

主要讨论具有如下性质的一类连通混合图G:其所有非奇异圈恰有一条公共边,且除了该公共边的端点外,任意两个非奇异圈没有其它交点.本文给出了图G的结构性质,建立了其最小特征值λ1(G)(以及相对应的特征向量)与某个简单图的代数连通度(以及Fiedler向量)之间联系,并应用上述联系证明了λ1(■)≤α(G),其中G是由G通过对其所有无向边定向而获得,α(■)为■的代数连通度.