Stress concentration around a spheroidal crack caused by a harmonic wave incident at an arbitrary angle

A method is proposed to study the stress concentration around a shallow spheroidal crack in an infinite elastic body. The stress concentration is due to the diffraction of a low-frequency plane longitudinal wave by the crack. The direction of wave propagation is established in which the combined concentration of mode I and mode II stresses is maximum __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 70–77, January 2006.     

单自由度磁浮陀螺寻北仪的控制及分析

提出了一种结构简单的新型磁悬浮寻北仪,建立了电磁轴承约束的单自由度陀螺罗盘的数学模型,讨论了陀螺框架轴在弹性约束下偏离铅垂方向对寻北精度及定向时间的影响。采用动态补偿器使磁浮轴承系统稳定工作,并通过适当选取控制策略,有效地降低了由于框架轴运动而造成的寻北误差,并解决了可能出现的转子轴轨迹发散的问题。仿真结果表明,该磁悬浮寻北仪具有明显优于现有寻北仪的性能,当寻北时间为40 s时,定向误差小于2.3081×10?11 rad。     

过载-振动复合环境下液浮积分陀螺仪动力学分析

采用有限元数值计算方法对液浮积分陀螺仪在过载—振动复合环境中的动力学特性进行研究。对液浮积分陀螺仪浮子组件谐态和模态进行了分析计算，获得了复合载荷下浮子组件质心的附加偏移的数据，从而为分析陀螺仪的附加误差提供了依据。     

Nonlinear Coherence in Multivariate Research: Invariants and the Reconstruction of Attractors

First, some linear techniques in multivariate time-series analysis in EEG research are reviewed to highlight the problem of estimating the dimensionality of the state space (embedding dimension), the reconstruction of an attractor, and the evaluation of invariant properties of the attractor. The traditional linear techniques included the usual spectral and cospectral measures of power, phase, and coherence to which stepwise discriminant analysis was applied for canonical representation of the attractor. Then, some traditional nonlinear techniques of attractor reconstruction and dimensional analysis which use the time-lagged univariate approach of Ruelle and Takens (Takens, 1981) are reviewed. Next, updates and multivariate generalizations that use singular-value decomposition (Broomhead & King, 1986) are reviewed. Finally, Stewart's (1995, 1996) multivariate generalization of the method of false nearest neighbors (Abarbanel, Brown, Sidorowich, & Tsimring, 1993; Kennel, Brown, & Abarbanel, 1992) is reviewed. These are particularly relevant for evaluating multivariate coherence in research on the complex cooperative dynamical systems found in neuroscience, psychology, and social science when time series of sufficient length are investigated.     

EXPONENTIAL STABILITY OF INTERVAL DYNAMICAL SYSTEM WITH MULTIDELAY

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｍａｔｒｉｘａｎｄｕｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｗｉｔｈｔｉｍｅｄｅｌａｙｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｂｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｐａｐｅｒｓ [1 -1 3 ] .Ｔｈｅｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄαｅｘｐｏｎｅｎｔｉａｌｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｗｉｔｈｓｉｎｇｌｅｔｉｍｅｄｅｌａｙ ｘ(ｔ) =Ｎ[Ｐ ,Ｑ]ｘ(ｔ) +Ｎ[Ｃ ,Ｄ]ｘ(ｔ-τ)ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｉ…     

洪德耦合的调控与轨道选择Mott相变

洪德耦合相互作用是导致多轨道体系发生轨道选择Mott相变的重要因素之一. 通过调控洪德耦合相互作用来研究其不同组成部分对轨道选择Mott相变的作用. 利用基于Lanczos 求解器的动力学平均场理论, 对比了双轨道的J模型和Jz模型的金属-绝缘体相变, 并重点讨论洪德耦合中的自旋翻转项和电子对跃迁项以及轨道宽度比值W₂/W₁如何影响轨道选择Mott 相变. 在J模型的相图中, Mott选择相占有较大的区域, 而Jz模型的轨道选择Mott 相只存在于一个很狭窄的区域内, 这说明自旋翻转项及电子对跳跃项是有利于轨道选择Mott相变发生的关键因素. 此外当轨道宽度之比大于W₂/W₁=0.7时, Jz 模型的轨道选择Mott 相会完全消失, 而J模型中只要轨道宽度不同都存在轨道选择Mott相. 因而, 简化后的Jz 模型只是在特定条件下才适合于研究轨道选择Mott相变.     

非线性动力学方法在气候突变检测中的应用

快速、准确的检测气候突变, 对于我们认识气候系统的变化和对未来气候系统演变趋势的预测有着重要的现实意义和社会经济价值. 本文主要回顾了近年来非线性突变检测技术的主要研究进展及其在实际观测资料中的应用, 其中包括基于气候系统长程相关性的检测方法, 如滑动去趋势波动分析方法、滑动移除去趋势波动分析方法、滑动移除重标极差方法和指纹法等; 以及基于时间序列复杂性的检测方法, 如近似熵方法, Fisher信息和小波Fisher信息等. 此外, 本文还指出发展针对空间场的突变检测技术是未来一个可能的发展方向. 由于空间场所包含的气候系统的演变信息远高于单点时间序列, 空间场的突变检测技术将会使得对气候突变的检测时间大大缩短, 从而使得人们有足够的时间去采取行动, 以便为适应气候突变所带来的新挑战做好准备.     

基于有源广义忆阻的无感混沌电路研究

采用常见元器件等效实现一个广义忆阻器, 进而制作出一个电路特性可靠的非线性电路, 有助于忆阻混沌电路的非线性现象的实验展示及其所产生的混沌信号的实际工程应用. 基于忆阻二极管桥电路, 构建了一种无接地限制的、易物理实现的一阶有源广义忆阻模拟器; 由该模拟器并联电容后与RC桥式振荡器线性耦合, 实现了一种无电感元件的忆阻混沌电路; 建立了无感忆阻混沌电路的动力学模型, 开展了相应的耗散性、平衡点、稳定性和动力学行为等分析. 结果表明, 无感忆阻混沌电路在相空间中存在分布2个不稳定非零鞍焦的耗散区和包含1个不稳定原点鞍点的非耗散区; 当元件参数改变时, 无感忆阻混沌电路有着共存分岔模式和共存吸引子等非线性行为. 研制了实验电路, 该电路结构简单、易实际制作, 实验测量和数值仿真两者结果一致, 验证了理论分析的有效性.     

埋栅结构双极型静电感应晶体管动态特性的改善

双极型静电感应晶体管(BSIT)的失效经常出现在阻断态与导通态之间的瞬态过渡过程。因此,研究BSIT的开关动态过程的物理机理对于设计和制造高性能器件有着重要意义。本文深入研究了埋栅结构电力BSIT瞬态过程的动态特性,讨论了材料、几何结构与工艺参数对BSIT动态性能的影响。提出了一系列改善BSIT动态特性的工艺措施。     

A Simple Model for Barrier Frequencies for Enzymatic Reactions

We present a simple model to rationalize the effects of environment on the reaction barrier frequencies derived from free energy profiles. These frequencies are relevant in deviations of a rate constant from its transition state theory value and in determining which environmental dynamics participate in the reaction. In particular, this simple model can be used to understand the changes in the reaction barrier frequencies of an enzymatic catalyzed reaction and the corresponding uncatalyzed process in aqueous solution, a change which has implications for dynamical environmental effects on the enzymatic reaction. Two possible cases are analyzed, in which the polarity (charge separation/localization) of the reacting system increases or decreases as the reaction advances. A simple modeling of the environment′s effects allows the explanation of an unusual “inverse” effect on the reaction frequencies, that is, a free energy barrier lowering accompanied by an increase of the reaction frequency, a behavior observed in some enzymes. The model predictions are successfully compared with results from full simulations for four different enzyme reactions.