Stretchable Perovskite Solar Cells with Recoverable Performance

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology for stretchable applications because of their flexible, light‐weight, and low‐cost characteristics. However, the fragility of crystals and poor crystallinity of perovskite on stretchable substrates results in performance loss. In fact, grain boundary defects are the “Achilles’ heel” of optoelectronic and mechanical stability. We incorporate a self‐healing polyurethane (s‐PU) with dynamic oxime–carbamate bonds as a scaffold into the perovskite films, which simultaneously enhances crystallinity and passivates the grain boundary of the perovskite films. The stretchable PSCs with s‐PU deliver a stabilized efficiency of 19.15 % with negligible hysteresis, which is comparable to the performance on rigid substrates. The PSCs can maintain over 90 % of their initial efficiency after 3000 hours in air because of their self‐encapsulating structure. Importantly, the self‐healing function of the s‐PU scaffold was verified in situ. The s‐PU can release mechanical stress and repair cracks at the grain boundary on multiple levels. The devices recover 88 % of their original efficiency after 1000 cycles at 20 % stretch. We believe that this ingenious growth strategy for crystalline semiconductors will facilitate development of flexible and stretchable electronics.     

On the dynamic self-diffraction in methylene blue-sensitised gelatine

Dynamic self-diffraction processes have been observed and analysed for methylene blue-sensitised water-swollen gelatine (MBSG). A degenerate two-wave mixing experiment performed on thick samples of MBSG with 10 mW, 632.8 nm wavelength He Ne laser light allowed for the formation of phase- and amplitude-transient holographic gratings. Single-beam propagation characteristics through MBSG were measured with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The observed energy transfer between the writing beams in the two-beam coupling experiment and the considerable temporal oscillations of diffraction efficiency are explained by simple formulae. Two processes are considered: the time-dependent phase shift between the writing beams and the transverse self-phase modulation effects (self-focusing and interference ring formation).     

Caseinolytic Proteins (Clp) in the Genus Klebsiella: Special Focus on ClpK

Caseinolytic proteins (Clp), which are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, play a major role in cell protein quality control and survival of bacteria in harsh environmental conditions. Recently, a member of this protein family, ClpK was identified in a pathogenic strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae which was responsible for nosocomial infections. ClpK is linked to the thermal stress survival of this pathogen. The genome wide analysis of Clp proteins in Klebsiella spp. indicates that ClpK is present in only 34% of the investigated strains. This suggests that the uptake of the clpk gene is selective and may only be taken up by a pathogen that needs to survive harsh environmental conditions. In silico analyses and molecular dynamic simulations show that ClpK is mainly α-helical and is highly dynamic. ClpK was successfully expressed and purified to homogeneity using affinity and anion exchange chromatography. Biophysical characterization of ClpK showed that it is predominantly alpha-helical, and this is in agreement with in silico analysis of the protein structure. Furthermore, the purified protein is biologically active and hydrolyses ATP in a concentration- dependent manner.     

动态光谱法对提高近红外无创血液成份检测精度的理论分析

近红外光谱无创血液成分检测因测量方法具有优越性,已经成为生物医学领域的研究热点之一.但除血氧以外,目前还没有进入临床应用的报道,其原因在于个体差异和测量条件对检测精度的影响.研究了一种不同于传统的新检测方法-动态光谱法可使测量精度提高.先从检测原理出发,研究了传统的近红外无创血液成分测量过程中产生误差、造成测量精度较低的因素;再分析了动态光谱法对这些因素的抑制或克服.从理论上得到了动态光谱法可以大大提高血液成分无创检测精度的结论,为基于光谱法的无创血液成分检测的临床应用提供了条件.     

基于多DSP的车轮外形磨耗动态检测系统

针对矿井绞车车轮外形磨耗动态检测问题,构建了由线状光源、CCD、多DSP图像处理子系统等组成的系统.对于车轮磨耗图像的获得和外形曲线的提取,重点阐述了多DSP处理系统在绞车车轮外形磨耗实时检测中的设计问题.车轮外形的提取采用了一种梯度边缘检测算法来实现,并给出了磨耗值计算的变换矩阵.初步试验表明该系统的检测误差不大于0.3 mm.     

Development of Optogenetic Dual-Switch System for Rewiring Metabolic Flux for Polyhydroxybutyrate Production

Several strategies, including inducer addition and biosensor use, have been developed for dynamical regulation. However, the toxicity, cost, and inflexibility of existing strategies have created a demand for superior technology. In this study, we designed an optogenetic dual-switch system and applied it to increase polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. First, an optimized chromatic acclimation sensor/regulator (RBS10–CcaS#10–CcaR) system (comprising an optimized ribosomal binding site (RBS), light sensory protein CcaS, and response regulator CcaR) was selected for a wide sensing range of approximately 10-fold between green-light activation and red-light repression. The RBS10–CcaS#10–CcaR system was combined with a blue light-activated YF1–FixJ–PhlF system (containing histidine kinase YF1, response regulator FixJ, and repressor PhlF) engineered with reduced crosstalk. Finally, the optogenetic dual-switch system was used to rewire the metabolic flux for PHB production by regulating the sequences and intervals of the citrate synthase gene (gltA) and PHB synthesis gene (phbCAB) expression. Consequently, the strain RBS34, which has high gltA expression and a time lag of 3 h, achieved the highest PHB content of 16.6 wt%, which was approximately 3-fold that of F34 (expressed at 0 h). The results indicate that the optogenetic dual-switch system was verified as a practical and convenient tool for increasing PHB production.     

Theory of particle transport phenomena during fatigue and time-dependent fracture of materials based on mesoscale dynamics and their practical applications

In this work, the mesoscale mechanics of metals, which links their microscopic physics and macroscopic mechanics, was established. For practical applications, the laws for quantitatively predicting life of cycle and time-dependent fracture behavior such as fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement, and high-temperature creep were derived using particle transport phenomena theories such as dislocation group dynamics, hydrogen diffusion, and vacancy diffusion. Furthermore, these concepts were also applied for estimating the degree of viscoelastic deterioration of blood vessel walls, which is dominated by a time-dependent mechanism, and for the diagnosis of aneurysm accompanied by the viscoelastic deterioration of the blood vessel wall. In these theories, new mechanical indexes were derived as dominant factors for predicting the life of fatigue crack growth and the time-dependent fracture of notched specimens of materials such as hydrogen embrittlement and high-temperature creep. Furthermore, as an example of a practical application, these theories were applied to estimate the degree of viscoelastic deterioration and chaotic motions of blood vessel walls, which are closely related to blood vessel diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm. Moreover, new indexes to diagnose them were also proposed for clinical applications.     

任意高差的多档输电线动刚度理论建模

针对目前多档输电线动力特性研究中存在的不足,将任意一档导线视为子结构并基于现有的索振动理论获得了其动张力;利用相邻两档导线的动张力建立了悬垂绝缘子串绕其悬挂点摆动的动力学方程;综合每一档导线的振动方程以及悬垂绝缘子串的摆动方程建立了两档及三档输电线的动力学方程,求解得到由端部位移激励产生的动刚度;通过对动刚度进行分析得到了多档输电线的固有频率以及模态的理论表达形式;建立了小高差的两档及三档导线的有限元模型,理论分析结果与有限元结果一致,验证了理论公式的正确性。本文提出的动刚度理论对于研究多档输电线的动态响应具有重要的应用价值。     

时间尺度上二阶拟线性阻尼动力方程的振动性分析

研究二阶拟线性时滞阻尼动力方程[a(t)|x^Δ(t)|^λ-1x^Δ(t)]^Δ+b(t)|x^Δ(t)|^λ-1x^Δ(t)+p(t)|x(δ(t))|^λ-1x(δ(t))=0的振动性,其中t ₀∈T,而T为任意时间尺度,考虑方程是非正则情形,即$\int^{∞}_{t_0}$[a^-1(s)e_-b/a(s,t₀)]^1/λ Δs < ∞。 通过引入广义Riccati变换,借助时间尺度上的有关理论,并结合不等式技巧,建立了该方程振动的一些新的充分条件,推广、改进并丰富了现有文献中的结果。     

Mechanistic model for the dielectric spectrum of a simple dielectric material

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of a dielectric fluidic material composed of permanent molecular dipoles. The dielectric spectrum features two peaks at lower frequencies than the system phonon frequency. The primary peak is observed at all temperatures studied and shifts toward lower frequencies as the temperature decreases. During this shift, the secondary peak emerges with a higher peak frequency than the primary peak. The secondary peak amplitude increases as the temperature decreases. Both peaks are dependent on the wavevector; in the small wavevector regime, the primary peak is shifted to higher frequencies as the wavevector squared and the secondary peak amplitude increases as the wavevector increases, but shows no shift in frequency. From the polarisation balance equation, we propose a model for the dielectric spectrum. This captures the spectrum features, and we conjecture that the primary peak is due to dipole moment correlations (Debye-type) and the secondary peak is due to the correlation between the dipole moment and a microscopic local field.