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141.
We study the propagation of anisotropic sound and shock waves in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in three dimensions (3D) as well as in quasi-two (2D, disk shape) and quasi-one (1D, cigar shape) dimensions using the mean-field approach. In 3D, the propagation of sound and shock waves are distinct in directions parallel and perpendicular to dipole axis with the appearance of instability above a critical value corresponding to attraction. Similar instability appears in 1D and not in 2D. The numerical anisotropic Mach angle agrees with theoretical prediction. The numerical sound velocity in all cases agrees with that calculated from Bogoliubov theory. A movie of the anisotropic wave propagation in a dipolar condensate is made available as supplementary material. 相似文献
142.
After our article, Physica A 391 (2012) 107–112, had been published online, T. Hillen told us about a theorem by Osaki, relevant for our numerical simulations. 相似文献
143.
Polyamide 12 (PA12) is used in a variety of applications when low moisture absorption, good dimensional stability, and toughness are required. Polyamide 12 is one of the polymers most frequently employed to fabricate angioplasty balloon catheters; however, its high hydrophobicity and chemical inertness require the application of coatings to make its surface more hydrophilic and biocompatible. In this work, an alternative method, based on the photochemical reaction of PA12 with a hydrophilic aromatic azide, was developed. Static and dynamic contact angle measurements evidenced that the surface modification process was able to improve PA12 wettability and that the effects were retained even after 12 months from surface treatment. Polyamide 12 modification resulted in an increase of its surface free energy, as evaluated by the van Oss, Good, and Chaudhury method. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the aromatic azide on PA12 surface. Finally, compliance tests showed that the modification process did not reduce the mechanical performance of balloons. 相似文献
144.
In this work, a robust method for moving object detection in thermal video frames has been proposed by including Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) based threshold and background subtraction (BGS) technique. A trimmed-mean based background model has been developed that is capable enough to reduce noise or dynamic component of the background. This work assumed that each pixel has normally distributed. The KLD has computed between background pixel and a current pixel with the help of Gaussian mixture model. The proposed threshold is useful enough to classify the state of each pixel. The post-processing step uses morphological tool for edge linking, and then the flood-fill algorithm has applied for hole-filling, and finally the silhouette of targeted object has generated. The proposed methods run faster and have validated over various real-time based problematic thermal video sequences. In the experimental results, the average value of F1-score, area under the curve, the percentage of correct classification, Matthew’s correlation coefficient show higher values whereas total error and percentage of the wrong classification show minimum values. Moreover, the proposed-1 method achieved higher accuracy and execution speed with minimum false alarm rate that has been compared with proposed-2 as well as considered peer methods in the real-time thermal video. 相似文献
145.
146.
A novel set of light-responsive polyelectrolytes has been developed and studied, to control and tune surface wettability by introducing various types of substituted R head-groups of azo polyelectrolytes in self-assembled multilayer (SAMU) films. As part of a larger project to develop polymer surfaces where one can exert precise control over properties important to proteins and cells in contact, photo-reversibly, we describe here how one can tune quite reliably the contact angle of a biocompatible SAMU, containing a photo-reversible azo chromophore for eventual directed cell growth. The azo polyelectrolytes described here have different substituted R head-group pairs of shorter-ionized hydrophilic COOH and SO3H, shorter non-ionized hydrophobic H and OC2H5, and larger non-ionized hydrophobic octyl C8H17 and C8F17, and were employed as polyanions to fabricate the SAMU onto silicon substrates by using the counter-charge polycation PDAC. The prepared SAMU films were primarily characterized by measurement of their contact angles with water. The surface wetting properties of the thin films were found to be dependent on the type of substituted R-groups of the azo polyelectrolytes through their degree of ionization, size, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, solubility, conformation, and inter-polymeric association and intra-polymeric aggregation. All these factors appeared to be inter-related, and influenced variations in hydrophobic/hydrophilic character to different extents of aggregates/non-aggregates in solution because of solvation effects of the azo polyanions, and were thus manifested when adsorbed as thin films via the SAMU deposition process. For example, one interesting observation is significantly higher contact angles of 79° for SAMU films of larger octyl R groups of PAPEA-C8F17 and PAPEA-C8H17 than for others with contact angles of 64° observed for non-polar R-groups of OC2H5 and H. Furthermore, lower contact angle values of 59° for SAMU films with polar R-groups of COOH and SO3H relative to that of non-polar R-groups are in accordance with their expected order of the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. It is possible that the large octyl groups are more effective in shielding the ionic functional groups on the substrate surface, and contributed less to the water drop-molecule interactions with ionic groups of the PDAC and/or AA groups. In addition, higher hydrophobicity of the SAMU films may be due to the incorporation of bulky and hydrophobic groups in these polyelectrolytes, which can produce aggregates on the surfaces of the SAMU films. Through understanding and controlling the complex aggregation behavior of the different substituted R-groups of these azo polyelectrolytes, and hence their adsorption on substrates, it appears possible to finely tune the surface energy of these biocompatible films over a wide range, enhance the photo-switching capabilities of the SAMU films, and tailor other surface properties for the development and application of new devices in diverse areas of microfluidics, specialty coatings, sensors, and biomedical sciences. 相似文献
147.
Powder‐XRD and 14N magic angle‐spinning solid‐state NMR spectroscopy of some metal nitrides 下载免费PDF全文
Some metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN, InN, GaN, Ca3N2, Mg3N2, and Ge3N4) have been studied by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and 14N magic angle‐spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. For Ca3N2, Mg3N2, and Ge3N4, no 14N NMR signal was observed. Low speed (νr = 2 kHz for TiN, ZrN, and GaN; νr = 1 kHz for InN) and ‘high speed’ (νr = 15 kHz for TiN; νr = 5 kHz for ZrN; νr = 10 kHz for InN and GaN) MAS NMR experiments were performed. For TiN, ZrN, InN, and GaN, powder‐XRD was used to identify the phases present in each sample. The number of peaks observed for each sample in their 14N MAS solid‐state NMR spectrum matches perfectly well with the number of nitrogen‐containing phases identified by powder‐XRD. The 14N MAS solid‐state NMR spectra are symmetric and dominated by the quadrupolar interaction. The envelopes of the spinning sidebands manifold are Lorentzian, and it is concluded that there is a distribution of the quadrupolar coupling constants Qcc's arising from structural defects in the compounds studied. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
148.
Kamil Wojciechowski Anna Brzozowska Sebastien Cap Witold Rzodkiewicz Thomas Gutberlet 《Applied Surface Science》2009,256(1):274-279
Adsorption of two alkylated N,N′-diaza-18-crown-6 ethers (decyl- and hexadecyl-derivatives, ACE-10 and ACE-16, respectively) on solid surfaces was studied by using contact angle and neutron reflectivity measurements. The solid substrates used were (a) Si covered with a native oxide layer (Si/SiO2) and (b) Si with sputtered Pt layer (Si/Pt). The sensitivity of neutron reflectivity was drastically improved by applying the intermediate Pt layer of 150 Å, which gave rise to several Kiessig fringes in the experimentally accessible q-range. The position of the fringes is very sensitive to slight changes of the interfacial composition induced by adsorption of a thin monolayer, otherwise very difficult to detect. Unfortunately, in the studied case this sensitivity is immediately lost due to undesired adsorption of a protonated material on the Pt surface exposed to the lab air. A decrease of surface energy (increase of contact angle) of both Si/SiO2 and Si/Pt upon exposure to toluene solutions of ACEs suggests that the latter are attached to the surface via the hydrophilic azacrown ether head with alkyl chains standing upright towards the liquid phase. 相似文献
149.
Pradeep Kumar 《Phase Transitions》2015,88(6):605-620
A comparative study of two different particle sizes of ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles as a dopant on the molecular structure, spontaneous polarization and dielectric behavior of a pure ferroelectric liquid crystal 6F6T have been studied. It has been found that there is a remarkable decrease in isotropic temperature of both doped samples as compared to the pure 6F6T sample. The spontaneous polarization also decreases for both the doped samples and the reduction is more pronounced in case of the dopant with large particle size. The dielectric spectroscopy confirms the presence of soft mode as well as Goldstone mode and also shows the decrease in the value of dielectric permittivity ?' as a function of frequency for both doped samples. The improvised properties of liquid crystal host doped with BaTiO3 nanoparticles mainly depend upon the synthesis method of nanoparticles and also upon the particle size of dopant. 相似文献
150.
液晶材料具有双折射效应,因此偏振光在液晶材料中各个方向上发生双折射的程度不同,这决定了LCD的视角特性和对比度随视角的变化有所不同。用光栅光谱仪测量在不同电压驱动下负性VA-LCD的电光特性,以及测量其电光特性随视角的变化;并对其三基色的电光特性和视角特性进行分析。结果表明,三基色的透过率在驱动电压2.2 V之前很小;在2.2 V后,透过率随电压的升高而增大;其中红基色和绿基色的透过率是一直升高,在电压达到5.0 V后,就是趋于平缓,而蓝基色的透过率是在3.7 V左右达到最大,而后慢慢变小,最后在电压达到6.0 V后,趋近一个稳定值。负性VA-LCD三基色的视角特性:红基色的视角范围最宽,绿基色次之,蓝基色的视角范围最窄。 相似文献