氢化物发生-冷原子吸收光谱法测定化妆品中汞

介绍用氢化物发生-冷原子吸收光谱法在重铬酸钾-硝酸溶液存在下测定化妆品中汞的含量。方法空白值低、灵敏、准确、精密度好，特别适合于化妆品中汞的测定。     

Origin of the Landau-Lifshitz hydrodynamic fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems and a new method for reducing the Boltzmann equation

The Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating fluxes in fluctuating hydrodynamics are derived from the deterministic Boltzmann equation with the aid of a reduction method developed by Fujisaka and Mori. Thus it is shown that the hydrodynamic fluctuations innonequilibrium systems are generated by the reduction of variables from the-space distribution function to its five momentum moments, i.e., the hydrodynamic variables. This differs from the Bixon-Zwanzig and Fox-Uhlenbeck theories, in which the Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating fluxes are derived from the molecular fluctuating force in thestochastic Boltzmann-Langevin equation, which is, however, negligible in nonequilibrium systems. Thus the present method improves the Chapman-Enskog reduction method so as to include the hydrodynamic fluctuations generated by the reduction of variables.Supported in part by the Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education.     

The Enhancement of Efficiency of High-order Harmonic in Intense Laser Field Based on Asymptotic Boundary Conditions and Symplectic Algorithm

Asymptotic boundary condition (ABC) of laser-atom interaction presented recently is applied to transform the initial value problem of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in infinite space into the initial and boundary value problem in the finite space, and then the TDSE is discretized into linear canonical equations by substituting the symmetry difference quotient for the 2-order partial derivative. The canonical equation is solved by symplectic algorithm. The ground state and the equal weight coherent superposition of the ground state and the first excited state have been taken as the initial conditions, respectively, while we calculate the population of bound states, the evolution of average distance and the high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The conversion efficiency of HHG can be enhanced by initial coherent superposition state and moderate laser intensities     

Computation of efficient solutions of discretely distributed stochastic optimization problems

In engineering and economics often a certain vectorx of inputs or decisions must be chosen, subject to some constraints, such that the expected costs (or loss) arising from the deviation between the outputA() x of a stochastic linear systemxA()x and a desired stochastic target vectorb() are minimal. Hence, one has the following stochastic linear optimization problem minimizeF(x)=Eu(A()x b()) s.t.xD, (1) whereu is a convex loss function on ^m , (A(), b()) is a random (m,n + 1)-matrix, E denotes the expectation operator andD is a convex subset of ⁿ . Concrete problems of this type are e.g. stochastic linear programs with recourse, error minimization and optimal design problems, acid rain abatement methods, problems in scenario analysis and non-least square regression analysis.Solving (1), the loss functionu should be exactly known. However, in practice mostly there is some uncertainty in assigning appropriate penalty costs to the deviation between the outputA ()x and the targetb(). For finding in this situation solutions hedging against uncertainty a set of so-called efficient points of (1) is defined and a numerical procedure for determining these compromise solutions is derived. Several applications are discussed.     

Operation of the quasi-optical gyrotron at harmonics of the gyrofrequency

This paper investigates the performance of a quasioptical gyrotron, when the electron beam interacts with the radiation fields at harmonics of the gyrofrequency. The nonlinear equations of motion are obtained in the slow-timescale. The expression for the linear gain is derived and the conditions for excitation are given (frequency threshold, optimal operating point, bean current and resonator quality thresholds). In the nonlinear regime, it is shown that maximum efficiencies comparable to those at the fundemental (50%) are possible, albeit at a prohitively high radiation field amplitude, while realistically feasible field amplitudes can give somewhat smaller, but nevertheless still high efficiencies (15%). Finally, the results are suplemented by empirical scaling laws, useful for experimental designs.     

一种用于波长路由光网络的分布式快速波长预留协议

波长预留协议用于在光通道建立过程中预留和配置波长.目前已有的波长预留协议都把协议设计的目标定为降低网络阻塞率,没有一种协议设计把目标定为缩短光通道的建立时间和简化协议处理过程.然而更短的建立时间和更小的协议复杂度对于未来极其动态的光网络却是非常重要的.提出了一种新颖的用于波长路由光网络的分布式快速波长预留协议-目的端预留协议,它在保证网络阻塞率可以接受的前提下,不仅可以降低连接建立时间,还可以减少控制节点处理器需要处理的信令消息数量.仿真结果证明了这一点.     

高效全固化钛宝石腔内倍频蓝光和四倍频紫外激光器的研究

用半导体抽运的Q开关YLF倍频激光器抽运钛宝石晶体，在平凹腔内加入组合的石英双折射滤光片压缩线宽，用LBO晶体腔内激发二次谐波，聚焦到BBO上产生四次谐波深紫外光。在抽运功率3．8w时，输出610mW．416nm蓝光。用长焦距的透镜聚焦二次谐波．得到64mW，208nm的紫外激光。基频光的谱线宽度是决定倍频效率的关键因素。实验观察到激光器的频谱宽度与双折射滤光片的带宽有一个数量级的差别，考虑到模式竞争和增益饱和效应，数值模拟了加入双折射滤光片后的钛宝石激光器的实际线宽，结果与实验中测量的数据基本一致。实验还分析了基频光的线宽对二次谐波效率的影响、二次谐波的线宽对四次谐波效率的影响、基频光的波长对四次谐波激发效率的影响。     

Computation of Entropy Production in Stratified Flames Based on Chemistry Tabulation and an Eulerian Transported Probability Density Function Approach

This contribution presents a straightforward strategy to investigate the entropy production in stratified premixed flames. The modeling approach is grounded on a chemistry tabulation strategy, large eddy simulation, and the Eulerian stochastic field method. This enables a combination of a detailed representation of the chemistry with an advanced model for the turbulence chemistry interaction, which is crucial to compute the various sources of exergy losses in combustion systems. First, using detailed reaction kinetic reference simulations in a simplified laminar stratified premixed flame, it is demonstrated that the tabulated chemistry is a suitable approach to compute the various sources of irreversibilities. Thereafter, the effects of the operating conditions on the entropy production are investigated. For this purpose, two operating conditions of the Darmstadt stratified burner with varying levels of shear have been considered. The investigations reveal that the contribution to the entropy production through mixing emerging from the chemical reaction is much larger than the one caused by the stratification. Moreover, it is shown that a stronger shear, realized through a larger Reynolds number, yields higher entropy production through heat, mixing and viscous dissipation and reduces the share by chemical reaction to the total entropy generated.     

A Note on ＂Global Exponential Convergence Analysis of Hopfield Neural Networks with Continuously Distributed Delays＂

In this note, we would like to point out that （i） of Corollary 1 given by Zhang et al. （cf Commun. Theor. Phys. 39 （2003） 381） is incorrect in general.     

传输线参数测试方法研究

传统的传输线参数测试方法是终端开路、短路测试。对于高压输电线路,终端直接短路时,短路电流较大,对电力设备有损害。本文提出了在线路正常运行时利用全球定位系统（GPS）提供的时间为基准,对传输线两端的电压、电流进行同步采样和测量。根据牛顿—拉夫逊法对传输线方程进行迭代计算可以得到传输线参数。通过Matlab仿真计算验证了该方法是有效的。