超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对比4种净化方式对不同色素含量基质中19种农药残留检测的影响

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)对含有不同色素等干扰物的4种基质(韭菜、姜、番茄和苹果)中19种农药残留进行检测,对比了4种净化方式对检测结果的影响,筛选出最佳检测方法。试样采用固相萃取法(SPE)和分散固相萃取法(QuEChERS)进行前处理净化。固相萃取柱包括3种,TPS柱、PC/NH2柱(石墨化碳黑氨基柱)和NH2柱(氨基柱),分散固相萃取的吸附剂为PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)和C18混合剂,外标法定量。研究表明,19种农药在5~100μg/kg质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;TPS柱对色素的吸附效果最好,PSA+C18的吸附效果最差;经TPS柱、NH2柱和PSA+C18净化过的4种基质中,19种农药的平均加标回收率分别为72%~107%,71%~110%和72%~108%;经PC/NH2柱净化过的韭菜和姜中,多菌灵的回收率很低,番茄和苹果中无回收,其他18种农药的加标回收率为71%~110%;经TPS柱、PC/NH2柱、NH2柱和PSA+C18净化后,辛硫磷的相对标准偏差(RSD)普遍较高,其他18种农药的RSD值均小于20%,19种农药的检出限分别为0.001~3,0.007~3,0.02~4,0.02~2μg/kg,定量下限分别为0.003~10,0.02~10,0.06~15,0.05~8μg/kg。本研究为准确、高效、经济的检测目标物提供了可靠依据。     

常见食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量及食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的测定

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法并结合液液萃取及基质分散固相萃取的样品处理方式,建立了测定饮料、牛奶、白酒3类食品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的分析方法。研究结果表明16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的检出限(LOD, S/N=3)范围为0.005~0.025 mg/L;峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2%。饮料、牛奶、白酒3种样品的加标回收率范围普遍在60%~110%。所建方法简便、灵敏、准确,可满足饮料、牛奶和白酒中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的测定需要。此外,将该方法应用于食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的迁移研究,以异辛烷为油脂食品模拟物,测定了保鲜膜与保鲜袋中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的迁移量。结果显示保鲜膜存在显著的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移现象。     

分散固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛蛙全血中6种酚类环境雌激素

建立了一种快速、灵敏、准确的同时测定牛蛙全血中双酚A、己烯雌酚、己二烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、4-叔辛基酚和4-壬基酚等6种酚类环境雌激素的分散固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱(dSPE-UFLC-MS/MS)分析方法。牛蛙全血样品经含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的甲醇溶液沉淀蛋白后,利用自制的氨基功能化Fe3O4磁性高分子复合微粒(EDA-MPs)作为dSPE吸附剂进行净化,着重考察了沉淀剂、吸附净化时间、吸附剂用量等因素对6种酚类环境雌激素回收率的影响。采用Shim-pack XR-ODSII(100 mm×2.0 mm, 2.2 μm)反相液相色谱柱进行分离,在电喷雾离子源(ESI)负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行检测。结果表明: 6种酚类环境雌激素在0.5～100.0 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r2≥0.9996),方法的定量限(信噪比大于10)为0.075～0.40 μg/L,方法的精密度为0.6%～6.3%,空白样品中3个不同水平的添加回收率为95.0%～110.0%。本方法适用于牛蛙全血中6种酚类环境雌激素的同时测定。     

Determining multi‐pesticide residues in teas by dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with speed‐regulated directly suspended droplet microextraction followed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

In this study, an effective speed‐regulated directly suspended droplet microextraction method was developed to condense pesticide residues from teas through dispersive solid‐phase extraction prior to analysis by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The extractant was intentionally dispersed into the sample solution in the form of globules through high‐speed agitation. This procedure increases the contact area between the binary phases and shortens the distribution equilibrium time. The fine globules reassembled by decelerating stirring speed, the extractant could be taken out for gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Recovery studies were performed under optimized extraction conditions by using matrix blanks fortified with pesticides at three concentrations (10, 50, and 100 µg/kg). Over 87% of the recoveries for the analytes in four tea matrices were acceptable given their recovery ranges of 70–120% and relative standard deviations of ≤20%. The limits of quantification of most pesticides were lower than 10 µg/kg and thus satisfied the requirements for maximum residue levels prescribed by the European Community. A total of 38 tea samples from local markets were analyzed by using the proposed method. Results showed that chlorpyrifos was the most frequently detected pesticide in teas. The method is a potential choice for the routine monitoring of pesticide residues in complex matrices.     

The electron microanalyzer (EPMA): a powerful device for the microanalysis of filled polymeric materials

The electron probe microanalyzer is a device often used in the field of geology or in the glass and steel industries. However, it is barely known or used in the polymer field. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the use of electron probe microanalyzer for polymer microanalyses and compared it with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. To show the unique potential of this technique only develop in our lab for polymer application, three different samples were studied: (i) a fire protective epoxy‐based coating submitted to aging in salt water, (ii) the distribution of organometallic catalysts into a thermal isolative silicone polymer, and (iii) the fouling growth of milk protein (biopolymer) on a stainless steel surface. Compared to an energy dispersive spectrometer, with an electron probe microanalyzer it is possible to quickly create X‐ray mappings of low concentration elements at a good resolution, as well as allowing the interpretation of the mechanism of action for the three samples which was impossible using only an energy dispersive spectrometer because of its too low detection resolution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于迭代小波变换的光谱信号本底扣除方法研究

本底会对光谱分析结果产生很大的干扰作用,为获取特征峰的有效信息,必须首先去除本底。该文提出了一种基于小波变换的本底扣除算法,通过对光谱及后续光谱迭代进行小波变换,利用逼近系数估计本底,直到本底收敛。提出了判断多次估计的本底最大误差是否足够小的收敛准则。利用该算法去除本底后,即可进行特征峰信息的提取。分别利用仿真光谱和实验能量色散X射线荧光光谱对算法进行了验证,并与传统小波变换和多项式拟合法进行了对比。结果表明,该算法能够更准确扣除光谱本底,对其他光谱的本底扣除也具有借鉴意义。     

凝固漂浮有机液滴-分散液液微萃取结合高效液相色谱法同时测定自来水中氯代多环芳烃与多环芳烃

建立了自来水中6种氯代多环芳烃和15种多环芳烃的凝固漂浮有机液滴-分散液液微萃取高效液相色谱分析方法,并探讨了萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、氯化钠含量及涡旋振荡时间等因素对萃取效率的影响。优化后的萃取实验条件为:10μL十二醇为萃取溶剂,500μL甲醇为分散溶剂,6%NaCl,涡旋振荡时间2 min。目标化合物经多环芳烃专用柱(SUPELCOSILTMLC-PAH,150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离后,外标法定量。结果表明,21种目标化合物在一定质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均不低于0.999;在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为70.6%～98.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.0%～10%;方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.000 7～0.009μg/L,定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.002 2～0.028μg/L。可用于自来水中氯代多环芳烃和多环芳烃的分析检测。     

SPACE-TIME DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR MAXWELL EQUATIONS IN DISPERSIVE MEDIA

In this paper, a unified model for time-dependent Maxwell equations in dispersive media is considered. The space-time DG method developed in [29] is applied to solve the underlying problem. Unconditional L2-stability and error estimate of order O τr+1+ hk+1/2 are obtained when polynomials of degree at most r and k are used for the temporal discretization and spatial discretization respectively. 2-D and 3-D numerical examples are given to validate the theoretical results. Moreover, numerical results show an ultra-convergence of order 2r + 1 in temporal variable t.     

A rapid MCM‐41 dispersive micro‐solid phase extraction coupled with LC/MS/MS for quantification of ketoconazole and voriconazole in biological fluids

A rapid dispersive micro‐solid phase extraction (D‐μ‐SPE) combined with LC/MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of ketoconazole and voriconazole in human urine and plasma samples. Synthesized mesoporous silica MCM‐41 was used as sorbent in d ‐μ‐SPE of the azole compounds from biological fluids. Important D‐μ‐SPE parameters, namely type desorption solvent, extraction time, sample pH, salt addition, desorption time, amount of sorbent and sample volume were optimized. Liquid chromatographic separations were carried out on a Zorbax SB‐C₁₈ column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm), using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–0.05% formic acid in 5 mm ammonium acetate buffer (70:30, v /v). A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive ionization mode was used for the determination of target analytes. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.1–10,000 μg/L with satisfactory limit of detection (≤0.06 μg/L) and limit of quantitation (≤0.3 μg/L). The proposed method also showed acceptable intra‐ and inter‐day precisions for ketoconazole and voriconazole from urine and human plasma with RSD ≤16.5% and good relative recoveries in the range 84.3–114.8%. The MCM‐41‐D‐μ‐SPE method proved to be rapid and simple and requires a small volume of organic solvent (200 μL); thus it is advantageous for routine drug analysis.     

能量色散型X射线荧光光谱法测定聚合物材料中镉和铅含量

提出了能量色散型X射线荧光光谱测定聚合物材料中镉和铅的测试分析方法及制样技巧。按照仪器分析条件测定同时含有镉和铅的6块不同浓度级别的标准物质来建立校准工作曲线,其线性范围分别在250ug·g-1、1100ug·g-1以内。镉和铅的方法检出限依次为4.7ug·g-1、4.1ug·g-1。该方法应用于测定欧洲标准物质ERM-EC680和ERM-EC681k,其镉和铅的实际测定值与标准物质证书的标称值相符,测定实际样品中的镉和铅的回收率介于90~110%。该方法测定标准物质和实际样品中镉和铅的精密度均小于10%。