Optimization of matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction method for the analysis of isoflavones in Trifolium pratense

A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) has been developed for the determination of 12 isoflavones in Trifolium pratense L. Dried leaf samples were blended with C₁₈, placed in small columns and isoflavones extracted with dichloromethane–methanol. Analyses were performed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) with 2-methoxyflavone as internal standard. Several dispersants, eluents and clean-up steps were tested during the optimization of the process in order to obtain the best selectivity and yields. Mean recoveries ranged from 70% to 119%, with relative standard deviations <18%. The limits of detection were between 0.006 mg/l for biochanin A and 0.108 mg/l for daidzin. The performance of the optimized method in real samples was compared with a conventional method based in solid–liquid extraction (SLE).     

The effect of addition of polar molecules on the degree of dispersion of silver iodide sol

The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes in the degree of dispersion in a negative AgI sol under the influence of organic components introduced into the medium only after nucleation. It was found that the polar molecules of those components can stimulate the process of formation of individual colloidal particles from unstable metaphase clusters emerging as a result of embryo aggregation.     

Phonon dispersion curves and densities of lithium-intercalated iron phosphorus trisulfide

Summary The lattice dynamics of Li-intercalated FePS₃ has been studied by means of a force constant model generated by a set of short-range two-body potentials. The intercalated phases have been investigated for the three stoichiometric compositions: Li_0.5FePS₃, LiFePS₃, Li_1.5FePS₃, with the aim of analysing the evolution of the host lattice normal modes as a function of the concentration, and of finding the dispersion of the new phonon branches induced by lithium. The above special values of lithium concentration have been chosen because the size of the unit cell keeps the same as in the host material. The force constants are fitted to the infrared data and the phonon dispersion curves and the phonon energy densities have been calculated. A spectroscopic method for monitoring lithium migration in the host material is proposed.     

Growth and raman scattering of aluminium gallium orthophosphate piezoelectric crystals

A new series of non-ferroelectric crystals, the piezoelectric solid solution aluminium gallium orthophosphate Al_1-xGa_xPO₄ (AGP, 0 < x < 1) system has been successfully developed by a hydrothermal method. The AGP crystal with X = 0.10 shows a phase transition temperature T_−β = 587 ± 3 °C with a cell parameters A = b = 0.49386(3) and C = 1.09563(2) nm. Raman spectra including directional dispersion in AGP are similar to those from -AIPO4 and -quartz crystals, indicating all of them belong to an isomorphic family, the short-range interaction being dominant in AGP. Comparison with -AIPO4 crystals, there exists an apparent red shift of the mode frequency and a smaller TO/LO mode splitting of the E species in the AGP crystals.     

单模光纤传输参数的一种综合测试方法

介绍一种对匹配型单模光纤的传输参数（色散，模场直径，截止波长，非线性截面积等）进行综合测量的方法，它是通过实测的光纤径向折射率分布曲线，经过数据处理和理论计算，最终得到的所需的几何参数和传输参数，作者研究的新的数据处理方法提供了较高的测量准确度，采用这种方法得到了结果和用仪表实测的数据进行比较，其中零色散波长λ０误差小于±２ｎｍ，模场直径误差小于±０．２μｍ。     

Assessment of an Eulerian CFD model for prediction of dilute droplet dispersion in a turbulent jet

The turbulent dispersion of non-evaporating droplets in an axisymmetric round jet issuing from a nozzle is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental data set has a well-defined inlet boundary with low turbulence intensity at the nozzle exit, so that droplet dispersion is not affected by the transport of nozzle-generated fluctuating motion into the jet, and is influenced solely by turbulence in the gas phase produced in the shear layer of the jet. This data set is thus ideal for testing algebraic models of droplet fluctuating motion that assume local equilibrium with the turbulence in the gas phase. Moreover, the droplet flux measurements are sufficiently accurate that conservation of the total volume flow of the droplet phase has been demonstrated. A two-fluid turbulence modelling approach is adopted, which uses the k–ε turbulence model and a simple algebraic model that assumes local equilibrium to predict the fluid and droplet turbulent correlations, respectively. We have shown that the k–ε turbulence model lacks generality for predicting the spread of momentum in jets with and without a potential core. However, in general, the model predicts the radial dispersion of droplets in the considered turbulent jet with reasonable accuracy over a broad range of droplet sizes, once deficiencies in the k–ε turbulence model are taken into account.     

Kinetics of dispersion polymerization: Effect of medium composition

The effect of the medium composition (monomer and solvent) on the kinetics of dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was studied via reaction calorimetry. It was found that increasing the monomer concentration increased the reaction rate; the exponent of the dependency of the initial reaction rate on the MMA concentration was found to be 0.93. Narrow particle size distributions were achieved at the lower monomer concentrations (0.24–0.81 mol/L) and a minimum size (2.45 μm) was found at an intermediate concentration (0.44 mol/L). The average molecular weight of the PMMA increased and the molecular weight distribution broadened with increasing monomer concentration. During a dispersion polymerization, the MMA concentration was found to decrease linearly with conversion in both phases, whereas the ratio of concentrations in the particles and continuous phase ([M]_p/[M]_c) remained constant (0.47) with partitioning favoring the continuous phase. The average number of free radicals per particle in MMA dispersion polymerization was estimated to be high from the nucleation stage onward (>5000). The increasing rate during the first ～ 40% conversion was primarily caused by the increasing volume of the polymer particle phase. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3638–3647, 2008     

等离子体色散函数的数值计算研究

一、引言 文[1]建立了关于等离子体色散函数的四极点近似式Z_(53),但其相对误差较大。本文研究结果表明,根据等离子体色散函数的幂级数展开与渐近展开的直接形式,适当地截取有限项,即可解决大多数关于等离子体色散函数Z(s)的数值计算问题。     

Analytical Treatment of a Push–Pull “Echo” Test

A semi-analytical streamline-based model, employing stratification and macro physics only, is developed and utilized to simulate injection/production phases of single-well push–pull tests. Modeling results are compared with experimental field data, giving an excellent match, without resorting to parameter fitting, simply by putting in known test-site properties, such as stratification data, hydraulic head gradients, and test parameters.