铁缺乏症对婴幼儿智能发育的影响

为分析铁缺乏症(IDD)对婴幼儿智能发育的影响，随机抽取了6个月至3岁婴幼儿200例，按有否铁缺乏分组，比较了其与智能的关系。结果表明，铁缺乏症检出率为17．5％，铁缺乏组婴幼儿智能发育商(DQ)明显下降，与正常组比较差异有显著性，铁缺乏程度越重，DQ值越低。可见铁缺乏症对婴幼儿大脑发育造成不良影响，对该症无贫血阶段及轻度缺铁性贫血期(IDA)应予重视。     

Morphology development and phase inversion during dynamic vulcanisation of EPDM/PP blends

Morphology development and phase inversion were investigated during dynamic vulcanisation of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM)/polypropylene (PP) blends. The effects of viscosity ratio and cross-linking reactions were also addressed. EPDM/PP blends were dynamically vulcanised in a Haake batch mixer using resole and SnCl₂ as cross-linking agents. The morphology development and cross-linking degree with reaction time were followed by morphology analysis (SEM and TEM) and measurement of EPDM gel content, respectively. For the same reaction time, it was found that the EPDM gel content decreased when the low-molecular-weight EPDM was used. As a result, the morphological development was delayed and the phase-inversion point was shifted to higher reaction times, allowing us to monitor morphological development during a thermoplastic vulcanisate (TPV) preparation. Using the low-molecular-weight EPDM and increasing the PP viscosity accelerated the morphological development, shifting phase-inversion to lower reaction times. While blend composition influenced final TPV morphology, it had a minor effect on the mechanism of morphological development. A correlation between cross-linking degree and morphology development was established. The results obtained allowed to propose a mechanism of morphology development during dynamic vulcanisation of the EPDM/PP blends, including phase inversion.     

我国军用标准物质汇集

简要概述了标准物质的发展状况,汇集了军工所需的并经国家技术监督局审批发布的一级标准物质及其研制单位。     

初中化学“溶液”的项目式教学*——白砂糖的梦想之路

以“白砂糖的梦想之路”为项目学习主题,呈现了初中化学“溶液”的项目教学案例。基于棒棒糖的制作过程开发了系列学习任务,有助于学生在真实的问题情境中发展核心素养和构建灵活的知识基础。     

Controlled fed-batch fermentations of dilute-acid hydrolysate in pilot development unit scale

Inhibitors formed during wood hydrolysis constitute a major problem in fermenting dilute-acid hydrolysates. By applying a fed-batch technique, the levels of inhibitory compounds may be held low, enabling high ethanol productivity. In this study, a previously developed fed-batch strategy was modified and implemented for use in pilot development unit (PDU) scale. The rate of total gas formation, measured with a mass flow meter, was used as input variable in the control algorithm. The feed rate in the PDU-scale experiments could be properly controlled based on the gas evolution from the reactor. In fed-batch experiments utilizing TMB 3000, an inhibitor-tolerant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, close to 100% of the hexoses in the hydrolysate was converted.     

环氧化橡胶及其合金的研究与应用

综述了国内外环氧化橡胶及其合金的研究现状和应用趋势,重点介绍了环氧化天然橡胶、环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物及其合金的优点,以及影响其物理机械性能的因素和环氧化橡胶的发展方向。     

对羟基苯乙醇的合成

综述了对羟基苯乙醇的重要合成方法及其最新进展。参考文献33篇。     

On Aging of Acid-Catalyzed Silica Sols—A Dynamic Light Scattering Study

Dynamic light scattering experiments in acid-catalyzed silica sols are discussed. It is shown that in spite of limited parameter accuracy and limited absolute knowledge of the particle sizes, the scattering data from various experiments are comparable with one another and give information about structural differences. Measurements at various angles indicate changes between non-spherical and nearly spherical particles and allow the estimation of gelling times before gelation.     

多环麝香(PCMs)的环境行为及毒性效应

多环麝香(PCMs)作为重要的人工合成麝香广泛应用于日用品中,目前在各种环境介质中都能检测到PCMs的存在。由于其持续不断地进入环境并能够在生物体内积累,其效应类似于持久性污染物。作为一类新型污染物,PCMs所引起的环境问题受到了广泛重视。本文介绍了PCMs的物理化学性质、来源以及在不同环境介质中的分析方法和污染现状,概述了其在环境中的降解转化、生物富集行为,并总结了其能产生的急性毒性效应、亚慢性毒性效应、内分泌干扰效应和其他潜在的毒性效应,最后讨论了目前研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行了展望。今后,应该建立有效的、可比对的标准分析方法,更加系统地进行环境污染现状、迁移转化规律和生物降解代谢途径的研究;重视暴露途径和生物有效性的研究,并与风险评价结合;结合环境中PCMs的污染现状,探讨低剂量长期暴露和复合暴露对生物的影响。     

Sense and nonsense of quality assurance in an R&D environment

Quality has always been one of the key issues in laboratories in general and formal quality assurance (QA) in testing laboratories has gained popularity over the last decade. However, the implementation QA in research and development (R&;D) laboratories is still the domain of a few pioneers. We can even ask whether a QA system in research makes sense at all and if such a system really provides any added value? Difficulties with respect to the implementation of such a system are mainly associated with the nature of the research process itself. However, it is obvious that QA offers clear advantages in R&;D, if some critical success factors have been taken into account. An important issue is the selection of a good QA standard for R&;D. This is certainly not an easy task, since there are no specific standards. Fortunately, some useful international guides have been published recently.