Charge compensation and oxidation in NaxCoO2−δ and LixCoO2−δ studied by XANES

A comparative study on the oxidation and charge compensation in the A_xCoO_2−δ systems, A=Na (x=0.75, 0.47, 0.36, 0.12) and Li (x=1, 0.49, 0.05), using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at O 1s and Co 2p edges is reported. Both the O 1s and Co 2p XANES results show that upon removal of alkali metal from A_xCoO_2−δ the valence of cobalt increases more in Li_xCoO_2−δ than in Na_xCoO_2−δ. In addition, the data of O 1s XANES indicate that charge compensation by oxygen is more pronounced in Na_xCoO_2−δ than in Li_xCoO_2−δ.     

Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data

Four many curves methods, viz. calculation techniques based on Eqs (30), (31), (34) and (36), respectively, for deriving kinetic parameters from several TG curves recorded with different heating rates are tested on two sets of theoretical TG curves. The maximum reaction rate temperature and conversion, as well as the approximate formulae used for their calculation are discussed. Some aspects of the kinetic compensation effect are analysed. The final conclusion is that the use of the many curves methods is not reasonable.     

Error Levels of Different Methods of Evaluation of TG Measurements

It follows from an analysis of the error levels of TG evaluation methods that it is a conceptual error to disregard the analogies of mass, energy and momentum streams of subordinate partial processes. This error is bypassed by means of the introduced method of dimensionless analysis and by determining the characteristic, constants-like data of thermal processes by using the measured data directly. These methods are very suitable for increasing the consistency of the calculated results by seeking for similarity, even in comparisons of measurements made under very different conditions and for emphasizing the differences too, quantitatively. With this new interpretation of TG processes, the idea of the kinetic compensation effect becomes only a consequence of the discussed conceptual error. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparative study on the inclusion behaviour of cyclodextrin derivatives with venoruton and rutin by thin layer chromatography

The interaction of rutin and venoruton (troxerutin), with alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin (CD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M-beta-CD) was investigated by reversed-phase thin layer chromatography on polyamide plates. A mobile phase consisted of NH(4)OH; NH(4)Cl buffer solution containing various CD concentrations (pH = 9.7, 20 degrees C) was used as mobile phase. The equilibrium constants (K(f)) and the retention factor (R(f)) were determined and used to study the inclusion process. The in fluence of CDs on the solubility of rutin and venoruton was characterized by R(M) values and the increasing hydrophilicity of drugs. The results show that the inclusion capacity of cyclodextrins follows the order HP-beta-CD > M-beta-CD > beta-CD > gamma-CD, and rutin is more easily included by the studied cyclodextrins than venoruton. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters (Delta H, Delta S) for the formation of complexes were obtained from the van't Hoff equation, displaying the enthalpy-entropy compensation effect.     

Comparison of thermodynamic properties of coarse-grained and atomic-level simulation models.

Thermodynamic data are often used to calibrate or test amomic-level (AL) force fields for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In contrast, the majority of coarse-grained (CG) force fields do not rely extensively on thermodynamic quantities. Recently, a CG force field for lipids, hydrocarbons, ions, and water, in which approximately four non-hydrogen atoms are mapped onto one interaction site, has been proposed and applied to study various aspects of lipid systems. To date, no extensive investigation of its capability to describe salvation thermodynamics has been undertaken. In the present study, a detailed picture of vaporization, solvation, and phase-partitioning thermodynamics for liquid hydrocarbons and water was obtained at CG and AL resolutions, in order to compare the two types or models and evaluate their ability to describe thermodynamic properties in the temperature range between 263 and 343 K. Both CG and AL models capture the experimental dependence of the thermodynamic properties on the temperature, albeit a systematically weaker dependence is found for the CG model. Moreover, deviations are found for solvation thermodynamics and for the corresponding enthalpy-entropy compensation for the CG model. Particularly water/oil repulsion seems to be overestimated. However, the results suggest that the thermodynamic properties considered should be reproducible by a CG model provided it is reparametrized on the basis of these liquid-phase properties.     

基于参考光栅的光纤光栅应变传感器温度补偿

为解决光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）应变测量时的应变、温度交叉敏感问题，利用FBG便于构成传感网络的优点，将温度补偿参考FBG与应变测量FBG串联在一路光纤上，根据2只FBG布拉格波长相对漂移获得被测结构应变。双FBG波长相对漂移对温度的灵敏度仅为0．12pm／℃，较好地实现FBG应变测量的温度补偿。参考FBG法原理简单，可操作性强，为FBG应变传感器的实际工程应用奠定了基础。     

SOI基光学电流传感器的设计与仿真

将光纤与微电子机械系统(MEMS)技术相结合,设计了一种新颖的检测50Hz高压交流电的光学电流传感器(OCS)。用ANSYS软件分析了器件的模态、动态响应与热膨胀特性,并通过Matlab软件模拟了器件的工作性能。模拟计算表明:ANSYS与理论公式得到的结果基本一致;传感器的量程为100~3600A,对于大电流下的灵敏度可达到0.02dB/A,温度变化±50K时传感器相应的测试误差为0.2%。     

异步电动机直接转矩控制中的死区效应的仿真研究

逆变器是直接转矩控制系统主电路中的关键部件。逆变器死区的设置虽然防止了逆变器器件的直通,同时也带来了死区效应,特别是对直接转矩控制系统的影响更是明显。本文通过分析异步电动机直接转矩控制系统中死区的生成及死区对电动机和整个系统的影响,定义了偏差电压矢量,并在此基础上,提出了一种死区补偿分析算法。该方法不需附加硬件,只需对原控制软件进行修改。仿真结果显示,在直接转矩控制系统中加入死区补偿,能有效改进电动机定子电流波形,使转矩脉动减小,整个系统的运行性能得到了一定的改善。     

Temperature dependence of transfer characteristics of OTFT memory based on DNA-CTMA gate dielectric

A nonvolatile memory based on an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) with a biopolymer of DNA-cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (DNA-CTMA) acting as the gate dielectric layer was fabricated. The transfer characteristics of the device prepared by both DNA alone and DNA-CTMA showed a very large and stable hysteresis. In order to analyze the memory mechanism, the temperature dependence of the transfer characteristics, electric conductivity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) as well as the dielectric property of the DNA-CTMA film have been investigated. As a result, the quasi-ferroelectric polarization originating from the alignment of the intrinsic dipole moment inside the DNA-CTMA complex was identified as the main source of hysteresis in the lower temperature region.