Crystal structures of functional building blocks derived from bis(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)methane

The syntheses of three bis(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)methane derivatives, namely bis(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)methanone, C₁₇H₁₀OS₂, (I), 1,1‐bis(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)‐3‐(trimethylsilyl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ol, C₂₂H₂₀OS₂Si, (II), and 1,1‐bis(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ol, C₁₉H₁₂OS₂, (III), are described and their crystal structures discussed comparatively. The conformation of ketone (I) and the respective analogues are rather similar for most of the compounds compared. This is true for the interplanar angles, the C_aryl—C_bridge—C_aryl angles and the dihedral angles. The best resemblance is found for a bioisotere of (I), viz. 2,2′‐dinaphthyl ketone, (VII). By way of interest, the crystal packings also reveal similarities between (I) and (VII). In (I), the edge‐to‐face interactions seen between two napthyl residues in (VII) are substituted by S…π contacts between the benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl units in (I). In the structures of the bis(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)methanols, i.e. (II) and (III), the interplanar angles are also quite similar compared with analogues and related active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) containing the dithiophen‐2‐ylmethane scaffold, though the dihedral angles show a larger variability and produce unsymmetrical molecules.     

Quantum simulation of zero-temperature quantum phases and incompressible states of light via non-Markovian reservoir engineering techniques

We review recent theoretical developments on the stabilization of strongly correlated quantum fluids of light in driven-dissipative photonic devices through novel non-Markovian reservoir engineering techniques. This approach allows one to compensate losses and refill selectively the photonic population so as to sustain a desired steady state. It relies in particular on the use of a frequency-dependent incoherent pump, which can be implemented, e.g., via embedded two-level systems maintained at a strong inversion of population. As specific applications of these methods, we discuss the generation of Mott Insulator (MI) and Fractional Quantum Hall (FQH) states of light. As a first step, we present the case of a narrowband emission spectrum and show how this allows for the stabilization of MI and FQH states under the condition that the photonic states are relatively flat in energy. As soon as the photonic bandbwidth becomes comparable to the emission linewidth, important non-equilibrium signatures and entropy generation appear, and a novel dissipative phase transition from a Mott Insulating state toward a superfluid (SF) phase is unveiled. As a second step, we review a more advanced configuration based on reservoirs with a broadband frequency distribution, and we highlight the potential of this configuration for the quantum simulation of equilibrium quantum phases at zero temperature with tunable chemical potential. As a proof of principle, we establish the applicability of our scheme to the Bose–Hubbard model by confirming the presence of a perfect agreement with the ground-state predictions both in the Mott insulating and superfluid regions, and more generally in all parts of the parameter space. Future prospects towards the quantum simulation of more complex configurations are finally outlined, along with a discussion of our scheme as a concrete realization of quantum annealing.     

Poly(2‐oxazoline) Hydrogels: State‐of‐the‐Art and Emerging Applications

The synthesis of poly(2‐oxazoline)s has been known since the 1960s. In the last two decades, they have risen in popularity thanks to improvements in their synthesis and the realization of their potential in the biomedical field due to their “stealth” properties, stimuli responsiveness, and tailorable properties. Even though the bulk of the research to date has been on linear forms of the polymer, they are also of interest for creating network structures due to the relatively easy introduction of reactive functional groups during synthesis that can be cross‐linked under a variety of conditions. This opinion article briefly reviews the history of poly(2‐oxazoline)s and examines the in vivo data on soluble poly(2‐oxazoline)s to date in an effort to predict how hydrogels may perform as implantable materials. This is followed by an overview of the most recent hydrogel synthesis methods and emerging applications, and is concluded with a section on the future directions predicted for these fascinating yet underutilized polymers.     

Porous shape memory polymers: Design and applications

Porous shape memory polymers (SMPs) exhibit geometric and volumetric shape change when actuated by an external stimulus and can be fabricated as foams, scaffolds, meshes, and other polymeric substrates that possess porous three-dimensional macrostructures. These materials have applications in multiple industries such as textiles, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, and aerospace. This review article examines recent developments in porous SMPs, with a focus on fabrication methods, methods of characterization, modes of actuation, and applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1300–1318     

Structural,optical and photocatalytic properties of (Mg,Al)-codoped ZnO powders prepared by sol–gel method

Structural and optical properties of 1 at % Al-doped Zn_1−xMg_xO (x=0–8%) powders prepared by sol–gel method were systematically investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorbance measurement, photoluminescence and Raman scattering spectra. All the powders retained the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. The band gap and near band emission energies determined from absorbance and photoluminescence spectra increased linearly with increasing Mg content, respectively, which implied that the Mg worked effectively on ZnO band gap engineering, irrespective of Al codoping. However, according to the PL and Raman scattering studies, for the sample of x=8%, the Al doping efficiency was decreased by higher Mg codoping. On the other hand, the effect of Mg codoping on photocatalytic degradation of methylene orange was explored experimentally. The substitution of Mg ions at Zn sites shifted the conduction band toward higher energies and then enhanced the photocatalytic activity, while the incorporation of interstitial Mg ions and decreased Al doping efficiency for higher Mg doping sample (x=8%) reduced the photocatalytic activity.     

大庆油田加密井地面工程项目质量及进度管理与控制研究

油田地面工程建设在油田管理工作中占有重要地位。油田地面工程建设作为一项持续不间断的工作,投资大,投资周期长,并直接影响到油田企业的产能建设成效。因此施工管理具有极其重要意义。本文主要结合油田A区块加密井产能建设地面工程项目开展研究,对项目组织管理与控制、项目进度管理与控制、项目质量管理与控制等方面如何如何进行管理进行了论述,对提高油田地面工程的质量,确保工程的运行效果具有一定的现实意义。     

浅论中美高校工科工程基础实验教学之差异

美国辛辛那提大学(UC)针对工科专业开设的工程基础(Engineering Foundation)是一门极具美国教育特色的本科实验教学课程,在培养学生实践动手能力、创造性思维、自主学习能力等方面效果显著。本文从教学大纲、教学内容、教学手段和教学效果四个方面对该课程进行介绍,并分析目前国内相关实验教学相关方面存在的问题,期望这种比较分析能够为国内高校工科专业的实验教学改革提供参考。     

“模拟电子技术基础”课程的立体化教材建设

本文介绍了我校"模拟电子技术基础"课程立体化教材建设的整体思路,探讨立体化教材的内涵和表现形式,论述了如何将教学改革成果和科研成果融入教材,妥善处理传统内容继承与现代内容引进的问题;建立具有示范和辐射作用的数字化教材资源,突出了电子技术的应用性和实践性,强化学生工程实践能力的培养。     

基于遗传算法的微波均衡器仿真和工程设计

研究了用于均衡行波管增益的微波均衡器的计算机仿真和工程设计问题。理论分析并建立了均衡 器的一般微波网络模型,该网络模型具有数十个优化变量,能够使均衡器实现任意有理函数类的均衡曲线。利用遗 传优化算法完成多变量的单目标或多目标优化,最终根据优化结果来具体实现均衡器的工程设计并为后期调试提 供指导。设计了一种C 波段10 阶同轴均衡器,实物调节和测试表明该设计对该波段的各种均衡曲线均有很好的适 应性,均衡误差1dB 以内,其中均衡枝节还具有温度补偿特性,高低温温飘小于5MHz。