Current Solar Spectroscopic Research

Abstract

This paper is addressed to the laboratory spectroscopist who, although knowledgeable about spectrometers, is unfamiliar with solar research, especially that performed in space. G. K. Oertel has been a full-time science administrator for the past 5 years. He has participated in the Federal Executive Development Program since March 1974 and was first assigned to the Science and Technology Policy Office at the National Science Foundation. His outlook and approach to this review reflect these experiences in that he found it easier to survey the many facets of the field in general rather than in depth. G.K.O. has had the advantage of learning not just the conclusions, but also the thinking and plans of outstanding researchers in solar physics. In this regard he has had to balance his desire to give a timely picture against the need to protect ideas and developments that might not yet have received proper credit.     

Preparation and Properties of Polyamide/Polyethylene/Near Infrared Reflective Pigment Composites

The effect of the addition of NIR (near infrared reflective pigment filler, nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile) into the polyamide/metallocene-based polyethylene elastomer (mPE) blends on increasing the infrared reflection of PA6 (Polyamide 6) and limiting the thermal heat accumulation in light of environmental and energy conservation concerns was examined. The NIR was included in mPE or mPE-g-MA (maleic anhydride) to form NmPE or NmPE-g-MA masterbatches, respectively, which were used in combination with polyamide 6 (PA6) to prepare PA6/NmPE or PA6/NmPE-g-MA composites. The dispersed domains of mPE modifier were larger in dimension in comparison with those of the corresponding counterparts using mPE-g-MA as the NIR carrier due to the increased interfacial interactions of the anhydride groups of the MA and the amine groups in PA6. NIR tended to increase the crystallization temperature of PA6 of up to 3°C through the nucleation role of the NIR for the NmPE-filled samples. However, this increment was diminished at higher mPE-g-MA content for the NmPE-g-MA-filled samples, suggested to be due to the interaction of mPE-g-MA and PA6 impeding the chain mobility for crystallization growth, offsetting the nucleation role of NIR. The NmPE-g-MA modified samples resulted in the highest improvement in Young’s modulus compared with the NmPE modified samples. An increase of 2 times in the impact strength occurred for PA6/NmPE(60 phr) sample, which increased to a value of 80?±?5 (J/m). However, a non-break behavior was observed for the PA6/NmPE-g-MA samples at higher modifier contents. The values of infrared reflection increased significantly, indicating the effectiveness of NIR to improve the reflection properties of the prepared composite systems.     

开孔矩形腔体的近场电磁屏蔽效能研究

基于扩展的等效电路方法, 建立了电偶极子和磁偶极子天线近场照射下开孔矩形腔体电磁屏蔽效能计算的近似解析模型, 计算分析了场源–腔体距离对电场和磁场屏蔽效能的影响规律. 结果表明在近场区, 屏蔽效能随场源–腔体距离的减小而明显减小, 近场屏蔽效能小于远场屏蔽效能. 基于Bethe小孔耦合理论, 得出了描述近场和远场屏蔽效能关系的解析公式, 并用该公式检验了等效电路方法计算结果的可信性. 关键词： 电磁屏蔽 矩形腔体 近场 Bethe 理论     

不同振荡放大比MOPA型化学激光器的数值模拟

主振功率放大型装置在高能激光器中有着广泛的应用, 在增益体积和沿光轴方向增益长度一定的情况下, 为了得到高能化学激光器主振部分和放大级部分的最佳比例, 研究了不同振荡放大比对输出光束的近场强度以及最终输出功率的影响. 使用快速傅里叶变换的算法经过迭代计算得到了1:4, 1:1, 2:1三种振荡放大比情况下的近场光束强度分布, 并计算了其强度分布均匀性及最终输出功率情况. 计算结果表明: 采用MOPA 结构的氟化氘化学激光器, 振荡放大比越大, 主振荡部分输出的能量越高, 谐振腔内功率密度越大, 对腔内镜片的承受能力要求越高; 而振荡放大比越小最终输出光束的衍射放大效应越明显, 对光束质量越不利. 在本文条件下, 计算结果还表明, 振荡放大比对功率会产生影响, 存在一个最佳的比例使得输出功率最大. 振荡放大比对输出功率的影响随主振部分输出耦合率, 光路中的各种损耗, 增益的规模等多种参数的不同而变化, 工程运用中可根据具体参数进行计算. 关键词： 主振功率放大 光学谐振腔 近场强度 光束质量     

Tip‐based plasmonics: squeezing light with metallic nanoprobes

Nanofabricated metallic tips are at the core of important research in single‐molecule imaging, near‐field scanning optical microscopy, tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, as well as potential commercial applications such as heat‐assisted magnetic recording. While challenging to fabricate, much progress has been made towards the reliable production of extremely sharp (10 nm) metallic probes. In this review, the various factors that go into the design of metallic tips, their fabrication, packaging and system integration, characterization, passivation, and eventual use are discussed. Fabrication challenges, implementation issues, optical excitation schemes, and various current and emerging applications are also discussed. For the rapidly emerging fields of plasmonics and nanophotonics, the use of sharp metallic tips has generated significant scientific progress and will play an integral role well into the future.     

Fano resonance in novel plasmonic nanostructures

Recently, a large number of experimental and theoretical works have revealed a variety of plasmonic nanostructures with the capabilities of Fano resonance (FR) generation. Among these structures, plasmonic oligomers consisting of packed metallic nanoelements with certain configurations have been of significant interest. Oligomers can exhibit FR independently of the polarization direction based on dipole–dipole antiparallel modes without the need to excite challenging high‐order modes. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of recent achievements on FR of plasmonic nanostructures in recent years. Meanwhile, more attention is given to the optical properties of plasmonic oligomers due to the high potential of such structures in optical spectra engineering.     

一种Ka频段多波束天线设计研究

针对临近空间飞行器测控的需求,提出了一种Ka频段多波束天线。分析了天线的实现形式,讨论了偏馈馈源位置与覆盖区域的关系、焦径比对偏馈波束性能的影响以及副面大小对偏馈波束性能的影响。从中总结了规律,对天线的优化设计有一定的指导意义。     

近红外光谱比值法测定烟草中六组分含量

以300个烟草样品的近红外光谱为基础,采用比值法和多元二次回归相结合的方法,建立了近红外光谱与烟草六组分(尼古丁、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾、氯)含量间的一种测量模型,并采用交叉验证和样品实际测量的方法对模型的预测能力进行测试,结果表明该模型具有良好的预测能力,是一种快速高效检测烟草品质的方法,且具有测定波长少、计算简单、实现方便等特点,易于推广和产品化。     

Near IR Fluorescent Polystyrene/Albumin Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Specific Targeting of Colonic Neoplasms

Previous studies have shown that albumin has a high affinity towards tumours, and, as a result, many drug/albumin conjugates, as well as albumin nanoparticles, have been studied as antineoplastic drug carriers. Numerous studies have also shown the high affinity of cyanine dyes for albumin. This work combines the former and the latter for the preparation of NIR fluorescent and photostable nanoparticles as diagnostic biomaterials. Tumour‐specific labelling by NIR fluorescent polystyrene/albumin core/shell nanoparticles is demonstrated, without the presence of additional targeting moieties, and they possess great potential for clinical applications.

     

Defining a Polymethine Dye for Fluorescence Anisotropy Applications in the Near‐Infrared Spectral Range

Fluorescence anisotropy in the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral range is challenging because of the lack of appropriate NIR fluorescent labels. We have evaluated polymethine fluorescent dyes to identify a leading candidate for NIR anisotropy applications. The NIR dye LS601 demonstrated low fluorescence anisotropy values (r) as a result of its relatively long fluorescent lifetime 1.3 ns. The r value of LS601 unbound and coupled to biological macromolecules was found to have a sufficient dynamic range from 0.24 to 0.37, demonstrating the feasibility of fluorescence anisotropy in the NIR. The viability of fluorescence anisotropy using a NIR label was demonstrated by characterization of dye–protein conjugates. These results open the door to a number of applications in drug discovery, fluorescence anisotropy imaging and contrast agent development.