激光切割及其在切割石板材中的应用研究

简述了激光切割的工作原理及特点.选用六种天然石板材作为实验样本,在明确实验样本组成成分及硬度的基础下,采用大功率CO2激光器切割系统,对六种不同硬度、不同厚度的天然石板材进行切割实验,获得切割六种不同硬度、不同厚度的天然石板材时的最佳工作速度,从而优化了激光切割天然石板材的切割工艺.实验结果表明:激光切割天然石板材的切割质量与石板材含杂质的多少、石板材的肖氏硬度有关.     

旋转气流控制激光切割特种钢薄板

以氧为辅助气体的激光切割工艺切割不锈钢等特种钢板时容易产生挂渣现象,因此大多采用高压高纯度氮气或惰性气体辅助激光切割不锈钢。在对熔渣形成原因及规律进行实验研究的前提下,提出了仍以氧辅助切割以降低激光切割功率,通过在工件底部加设旋风除渣器,形成旋转气流控制熔渣流向以去除熔渣的方法。实验证明,当同轴辅助切割气体为氧气,气体压力降低为300 kPa,旋转气流引导装置气体压力为100 kPa,激光功率为500 W,模式为TEM01,焦点位于0.5 mm厚硅钢片工件上表面,切割速度为3 m/min时,可获得光滑的高质量切口。     

掺铒的纳米相氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的多光子红外量子剪裁

研究了掺铒的纳米相氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷(Er(3):FOV)的红外量子剪裁现象,测量了红外和可见的Er(3):FOV的荧光光谱.结果发现光激发²H_11/2能级的⁴ I_13/2→⁴I_15/2荧光跃迁的近似量子剪裁效率已达约186.28%.计算了有关的无辐射弛豫速率、自发辐射速率和能量传递速率,分析了有关的能量传递动力学过程,发现     

激光切割超音速喷嘴设计

分析了传统喷嘴工作在较高的供气压力下进行激光切割时产生激波的原因及激波对切割工艺的不良影响.为了解决这一问题,提出了一种设计超音速拉瓦尔喷嘴的新方法.这种新型超音速喷嘴包括四部分:稳定段、收缩段、喉部、扩张段.每一部分都是严格按照空气动力学理论进行设计的.这种喷嘴喷射出的气流动量高,流速均匀,边界整齐.利用这种喷嘴进行激光切割,可有效地提高切割质量和切割速度.     

CrN镀层的微粒磨损性能及其切削行为研究

在Teer UDP 550型闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀设备上制备CrN镀层,以球-盘方法测定的比磨损率和微粒磨损法测定的微粒磨损率评价CrN镀层的耐磨性能,采用高速钢镀层钻头的钻孔数评价镀层的切削性能.结果表明,CrN镀层的微粒磨损率对氮流量(用光谱发射因子OEM值控制)的变化很敏感,而比磨损率却不能反映这种由于氮流量变化带来的镀层结构和性能的变化.在不同偏压条件下所制备的镀层微粒磨损率变化不明显.当微粒磨损率低于某一值时,CrN镀层的钻孔寿命明显提高,而比磨损率则无此规律.     

融合GMS检测和置信度判别的TLD目标跟踪

针对目标在遮挡、尺度变化等复杂场景下易产生模型漂移问题,基于跟踪学习检测(TLD)框架提出一种结合基于网格的运动统计(GMS)检测和置信度判别的长时目标跟踪算法.首先在跟踪模块中采用快速判别尺度空间的相关滤波器(fDSST)作为跟踪器,利用位置滤波器和尺度滤波器对上一帧目标进行位置与尺度的判别,并依据TLD算法中跟踪模...     

A new constitutive relation for simulating plastic flow involving continuous-shear or shear-localisation during metal cutting

ABSTRACT

A new constitutive relation has been established by modifying Zerilli-Armstrong formulation whose performance is investigated in simulating continuous-shear and shear-localisation during orthogonal machining of a super alloy. Two different procedures in consonance with strains, strain rates, temperatures and thermo-mechanical-coupling encountered during metal cutting were adopted to identify material-constants for continuous-shear and shear-localisation. The constitutive data for continuous-shear is generated by using the distributed- primary-zone-deformation model. In contrast, an inverse methodology is followed to calibrate material-constants for shear-localisation where values were adjusted iteratively until predicted cutting force and chip morphology matched experimental values. The iterative procedure was also used to investigate sensitivity of shear-localisation to constitutive parameters. The constitutive relation was later implemented in two different finite element models to separately simulate serrated- and continuous-chip formation. The proposed constitutive relation successfully captured the underlying physics of continuous-shear and shear-localisation with finite element predictions of cutting force and chip morphology being in good agreement with experimental results over the range of conditions encompassing the two deformation mechanisms. The proposed law was further validated against split-Hopkinson-pressure-bar test-data. Moreover, the proposed relation gave better physics-based predictions when compared to those from the Johnson-Cook model.     

Enhanced intersection cutting-plane approach for linear complementarity problems

In this paper, we develop an enhanced intersection cutting-plane algorithm for solving a mixed integer 0–1 bilinear programming formulation of the linear complementarity problem (LCP). The matrixM associated with the LCP is not assumed to possess any special structure, except that the corresponding feasible region is assumed to be bounded. A procedure is described to generate cuts that are deeper versions of the Tuy intersection cuts, based on a relaxation of the usual polar set. The proposed algorithm then attempts to find an LCP solution in the process of generating either a single or a pair of such strengthened intersection cuts. The process of generating these cuts involves a vertexranking scheme that either finds an LCP solution, or else these cuts eliminate the entire feasible region leading to the conclusion that no LCP solution exists. Computational experience on various test problems is provided.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMII-9121419 to the first author and Grant No. DMII-9114489 to the third author. The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive suggestions of a referee that helped focus the approach and its presentation.     

实用下料优化问题模型建立及解法

“下料问题(cuttingstockproblem)”是把相同形状的一些原材料分割加工成若干个不同规格大小的零件的问题,此类问题在工程技术和工业生产中有着重要和广泛的应用.本文首先以材料最省为原则建立模型,采用分层基因算法模型求解出模型的解,若此结果不符合时间限制条件,则通过以客户时间需求为第一目标的分组抽样模型处理后,再借助分层基因算法给出该模型的最优解.     

The Application of Preprocessing and Cutting Plane Techniques for a Class of Production Planning Problems

This paper investigates properties of integer programming models for a class of production planning problems. The models are developed within a decision support system to advise a sales team of the products on which to focus their efforts in gaining new orders in the short term. The products generally require processing on several manufacturing cells and involve precedence relationships. The cells are already (partially) committed with products for stock and to satisfy existing orders and therefore only the residual capacities of each cell in each time period of the planning horizon are considered. The determination of production recommendations to the sales team that make use of residual capacities is a nontrivial optimization problem. Solving such models is computationally demanding and techniques for speeding up solution times are highly desirable. An integer programming model is developed and various preprocessing techniques are investigated and evaluated. In addition, a number of cutting plane approaches have been applied. The performance of these approaches which are both general and application specific is examined.