Coexistence and harvesting control policy in a food chain model with mutual defense of prey

A model is proposed to understand the dynamics in a food chain (one predator‐two prey). Unlike many approaches, we consider mutualism (for defense against predators) between the two groups of prey. We investigate the conditions for coexistence and exclusion. Unlike Elettreby's (2009) results, we show that prey can coexist in the absence of predators (as expected since there is no competition between prey). We also show the existence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle in the model, and numerically present bifurcation diagrams in terms of mutualism and harvesting. When the harvest is practiced for profit making, we provide the threshold effort value that determines the profitability of the harvest. We show that there is zero profit when the constant effort is applied. Below (resp. above) , there will always be gain (resp. loss). In the case of gain, we provide the optimal effort and optimal steady states that produce maximum profit and ensure coexistence. Recommendations for resource managers As a result of our investigation, we bring the following to the attention of management:

• 1. In the absence of predators, different groups of prey can coexist if they mutually help each other (no competition among them).
• 2. There is a maximal effort to invest in order to gain profit from the harvest. Above , the investment will result in a loss.
• 3. In the case of profit from harvest, policy makers should recommend the optimal effort to be applied and the optimal stock to harvest. This will guarantee maximum profit while ensuring sustainability of all species.

     

Plasma generation in silicon-based inductive grid arrays

Selective illumination of a silicon wafer can be used for the construction of non-permanent inductive grids. A numerical model is used for the calculation of plasma density distribution in silicon as a function of time. Some indicative results on the microwave properties of the device are presented.     

Probing defect species on real surfaces from the analysis of the spectral profile of admolecules

The analysis of changes in the vibrational spectrum of infrared active molecules adsorbed on a ionic surface containing point or extended defects can be an efficient method to determine the nature and density of surface defects. We study the infrared response of ammonia molecules deposited on a ionic surface of MgO containing charge vacancies and dipolar defects in various concentrations and distributions and show significant changes assigned to the defects signature. A Monte Carlo approach is used to randomly deposit the probe molecules on the surface displaying random or regularly arranged defects at low temperature.     

变形轮侦察机器人的控制系统设计

为提高机器人适应复杂地面环境的能力,车轮采用可变形为三爪的结构,可根据不同的路面,选择轮式移动和爪式爬行两种步态,实现现场侦察。该机器人采用上下两级的控制策略,以Lab view软件进行上级监视、操控界面开发,下级选用功能强大的STM32芯片作为车载主控制器,MSP430单片机作为协控制器,应用RS－485总线组成分布式控制系统。有效的实现了机器人的远程控制和信息传递。     

基于PLC控制技术和气压传动控制技术的汽车前悬架与转向轮螺纹装配设备研发

在装配汽车前悬架与转向轮时需要拧紧螺纹,一旦操作不当就会出现前倾角过大的缺陷,加快车轮胎的磨损,降低小轴承及轮毂紧固螺母的使用寿命。对此,本文设计了一种基于PLC控制技术和气压传动控制技术的装配设备,能有效避免上述问题。     

关于家庭电气自动控制技术相关问题的研究

由于伴随着持续发展的自动控制、现代通信、计算机技术,这就逐步产生智能化建筑,所谓的智能小区则是扩展与延伸智能化大楼,人们往往借助优化考虑小区建筑群的服务、结构、管理、系统这四个基本要素,提供出一个便利、舒适、投资合理、安全、温馨、效率高的人居环境。以便可以将当前我国住宅建设科技含量增强与发展加快的要求。     

联合多分组接收和模糊逻辑控制功率策略

针对无线网络节约能耗的要求,提出了一种联合多分组接收和模糊逻辑控制功率策略,采用串行干扰消除法,根据无线节点的传输功率等级,将功率等级划分为多分组接收能够正常解码的功率等级,并以任一无线节点到邻接节点的距离、邻接节点的个数和无线节点的剩余能耗为模糊逻辑控制的输入参数来控制各无线节点的功率选择。仿真结果表明,与现有的几种经典的基于功率控制的串行干扰消除算法方案相比,联合多分组接收和模糊逻辑控制功率策略的无线网络具有更大的有效吞吐量及更长的生存时间。     

All-digital controlled boost DC–DC converter with all-digital DLL-based calibration

Traditional digital controls mostly use digital–analog converters to convert input and output voltages into digital coding to achieve control. This paper proposes the use of two digital ramps with two different frequencies to replace a digital–analog converter. This approach can produce seven bit resolution for the DPMW signal. In addition, we use an all-digital DLL phase correction concept to further enhance the resolution of the DPWM signal by an additional three bits, resulting in 10-bit DPWM signal resolution. The proposed circuit uses 0.35 μm CMOS processes, with a core area of 0.987 mm², a system switching frequency of 500 KHz, an input voltage range of 3.3–4.2 V, and an output voltage range of 5 V. Output voltage measurement accuracy reaches 99%, while the system reaches efficiency of 91% with output loads of up to 500 mA.     

超高强度钢（35CrNi3Mo）化学成分标准物质研制

采用与超高强度钢,台炼过程相同的工艺制备了35CrNi3Mo化学成分标准物质。对标准物质的制备技术、均匀性检验、稳定性考察进行了分析。研制的35CrNi3Mo化学成分标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性。采用8家实验室进行协作定值,对定值结果的不确定度进行评定,各组分定值结果的相对扩展不确定度小于13％。     

Practical synthesis of C1–8 fragment of autolytimycin via a chelation-controlled diastereoselective addition of diisopropenylzinc to α-methoxy aldehyde

The C1–8 fragment of autolytimycin was synthesized via a reliable 10-step route capable of delivering 41% overall yield at multi-gram scale. As a key step, a chelation-controlled isopropenylation of α-oxygenated aldehydes was established with a reagent combination of diisopropenylzinc, magnesium halide, and a dichloromethane/toluene mixed solvent. Cram-chelate isopropenylation products dominated for aldehydes with a small α-substituents, such as –OMe and –OBn groups, while the Felkin product could be obtained with a bulky –OTBS group.