In situ Characterization of SiO2 Nanoparticle Biointeractions Using BrightSilica

By adding a gold core to silica nanoparticles (BrightSilica), silica‐like nanoparticles are generated that, unlike unmodified silica nanoparticles, provide three types of complementary information to investigate the silica nano‐biointeraction inside eukaryotic cells in situ. Firstly, organic molecules in proximity of and penetrating into the silica shell in live cells are monitored by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The SERS data show interaction of the hybrid silica particles with tyrosine, cysteine and phenylalanine side chains of adsorbed proteins. Composition of the biomolecular corona of BrightSilica nanoparticles differs in fibroblast and macrophage cells. Secondly, quantification of the BrightSilica nanoparticles using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) micromapping indicates a different interaction of silica nanoparticles compared to gold nanoparticles under the same experimental conditions. Thirdly, the metal cores allow the investigation of particle distribution and interaction in the cellular ultrastructure by cryo nanoscale X‐ray tomography (cryo‐XT). In 3D reconstructions the assumption is confirmed that BrightSilica nanoparticles enter cells by an endocytotic mechanism. The high SERS intensities are explained by the beneficial plasmonic properties due to agglomeration of BrightSilica. The results have implications for the development of multi‐modal qualitative and quantitative characterization in comparative nanotoxicology and bionanotechnology.     

四路视频输入处理器SAA7144HL的应用

SAA7144HL是4个单独的多标准视频解码器的组合,是完全的3.3V CMOS电路和高集成的视频监测应用电路.详细介绍了SAA7144HL的内部功能,给出了SAA7144HL的典型应用电路.     

基于小波变换和共生矩阵的涡结构识别

提出一种新的涡结构识别方法。把折射率场经小波变换后的系数矩阵等效为具有一定纹理结构的图像,计算其共生矩阵及其统计量,以此进行涡结构识别。与小波分解后直接提取特征量的识别方法相比,该方法从空、频角度更加准确全面地表征湍流涡结构模式。计算机仿真结果证明了该方法的有效,为基于涡结构的光学传输精确建模奠定了基础。     

Biomimetic Hygroscopic Fibrous Membrane with Hierarchically Porous Structure for Rapid Atmospheric Water Harvesting

Sorption-based atmospheric water generation (SAWG) is a promising strategy to alleviate the drinkable water scarcity of arid regions. However, the high-water production efficiency remains challenging due to the sluggish sorption/desorption kinetics. Herein, a composite sorbent@biomimetic fibrous membrane (PPy-COF@Trilayer-LiCl) is reported by mimicking nature's Murray networks, which exhibits outstanding water uptake performance of 0.77–2.56 g g⁻¹ at a wide range of relative humidity of 30%–80% within 50 min and fast water release capacity of over 95% adsorbed water that can be released within 10 min under one sun irradiation. The superior sorption–desorption kinetics of PPy-COF@Trilayer-LiCl are enabled by the novel hierarchically porous structure, which is also the critical factor to lead a directional rapid water transport and vapor diffusion. Moreover, as a proof-of-concept demonstration, a wearable SAWG device is established, which can operate 10 sorption–desorption cycles per day in the outdoor condition and produce a high yield of clean water reaching up to 3.91 kg m⁻² day⁻¹. This study demonstrates a novel strategy for developing advanced solar-driven SAWG materials with efficient water sorption–desorption properties.     

High-Performing Quasi-2D Perovskite Photodetectors with Efficient Charge Transport Network Built from Vertically Orientated and Evenly Distributed 3D-Like Phases

Quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskites are emerging as one of the most promising materials for photodetectors. However, a significant challenge to Q-2D perovskites for photodetection is their insufficient charge transport ability, which is mainly attributed to their hybrid low-dimensional n-phase structure. This study demonstrates that evenly-distributed 3D-like phases with vertical orientation throughout the film can greatly facilitate charge transport and suppress charge recombination, outperforming the prevalent phase structure with a vertical dimension gradient. Based on such a phase structure, a Q-2D Ruddlesden−Popper perovskite self-powered photodetector achieving a combination of exceptional figures-of-merit is realized, including a responsivity of 0.45 AW⁻¹, a peak specific detectivity of 2.3 × 10¹³ Jones, a 156 dB linear dynamic range, and a rise/fall time of 2.89 µs/1.93 µs. The desired phase structure is obtained by utilizing a double-hole transport layer (HTL), combining hydrophobic PTAA and hydrophilic PEDOT: PSS. Besides, the dependence of the hybrid low-dimensional phase structure is also identified on the surface energy of the buried HTL substrate. This study gives insight into the correlation between Q-2D perovskites’ phase structure and performance, providing a valuable design guide for Q-2D perovskite-based photodetectors.     

A Hetero-Layered,Mechanically Reinforced,Ultra-Lightweight Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Wide-Temperature-Range,Solid-State Sodium Batteries

The practical use of polyethylene oxide polymer electrolyte in the solid-state sodium metallic batteries (SSMBs) suffers from the retard Na⁺ diffusion at the room temperature, mechanical fragility as well as the oxidation tendency at high voltages. Herein, a hetero-layered composite polymeric electrolyte (CPE) is proposed to enable the simultaneous interfacial stability with the high voltage cathodes (till 4.2 V) and Na metallic anode. Being incorporated within the polymer matrix, the sand-milled Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂ nanofillers and nanocellulose scaffold collectively endow the thin-layer (25 µm), ultralightweight (1.65 mg cm⁻²) CPE formation with an order of magnitude enhancement of the mechanical strength (13.84 MPa) and ionic conductivity (1.62 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹) as compared to the pristine polymer electrolyte, more importantly, the improved dimension stability up to 180 °C. Upon the integration of the hetero-layered CPE with the iron hexacyanoferrate FeHCF cathode (1 mAh cm⁻²) and the Na foil, the cell model can achieve the room-temperature cycling stability (93.73% capacity retention for 200 cycles) as well as the high temperature tolerance till 80 °C, which inspires a quantum leap toward the surface-wetting-agent-free, energy-dense, wide-temperature-range SSMB prototyping.     

一种复杂过程与复合对象三维建模的实现方法

伴随着虚拟现实技术研究的深入和应用的推广,建模方法作为核心内容也会应用于越来越复杂的系统。现有的建模技术将模型,运动和模型与周围环境的关系相互孤立,这不利用高效和快捷地实现复杂系统。针对这些问题,文章首先使用过程建模方法对复杂系统层次化,然后提出关系建模方法对模型,运动和关系建立标准结构,最后针对复杂过程和复合对象两种应用提出实现方法,验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

A Self-Assembled Vertical-Gradient and Well-Dispersed MXene Structure for Flexible Large-Area Perovskite Modules

Advancing hole transport layers (HTL) to realize large-area, flexible, and high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is one of the most challenging issues for its commercialization. Here, a self-assembled gradient Ti₃C₂T_x MXene incorporated PEDOT:PSS HTL is demonstrated to achieve high-performance large-area PSCs by establishing half-caramelization-based glucose-induced MXene redistribution. Through this process, the Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets are spontaneously dispersed and redistributed at the top region of HTL to form the unique gradient distribution structure composed of MXene:Glucose:PEDOT:PSS (MG-PEDOT). These results show that the MG-PEDOT HTL not only offers favorable energy level alignment and efficient charge extraction, but also improves the film quality of perovskite layer featuring enlarged grain size, lower trap density, and longer carrier lifetime. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the flexible device based on MG-PEDOT HTL is increased by 36% compared to that of pristine PEDOT:PSS HTL. Meanwhile, the flexible perovskite solar minimodule (15 cm² area) using MG-PEDOT HTL achieve a PCE of 17.06%. The encapsulated modules show remarkable long-term storage stability at 85 °C in ambient air (≈90% efficiency retention after 1200 h) and enhanced operational lifetime (≈90% efficiency retention after 200 h). This new approach shows a promising future of the self-assembled HTLs for developing optoelectronic devices.     

光纤传感与光纤复合电缆技术在电缆载流监测的集成应用研究

电缆载流热效应的安全冗余度,是在确保电缆安全运行条件下,最大限度地发挥电缆载流容量的重要指标,其由电缆导体在实际载流时的温度决定。为了准确监测电缆导体的实际载流时的温度,研究了光纤传感与光纤复合电缆的集成应用技术。创新性提出了“嵌入式双光纤补偿集成监测”技术方法,并研制了一条实用化中压光纤复合电缆。搭建了国内首个可同时模拟5种电缆敷设环境的实验环境。模拟验证了“嵌入式双光纤补偿集成监测”技术方法监测不同敷设环境下的电缆导体的载流温度精确度和动态跟随性,效果令人满意。