Can climate sensitivity be estimated from short-term relationships of top-of-atmosphere net radiation and surface temperature?

Increasing the knowledge in climate radiative feedbacks is critical for current climate studies. This work focuses on short-term relationships between global mean surface temperature and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) net radiation. The relationships may be used to characterize the climate feedback as suggested by some recent studies. As those recent studies, an energy balance model with ocean mixed layer and both radiative and non-radiative heat sources is used here. The significant improvement of current model is that climate system memories are considered.Based on model simulations, short-term relationship between global mean surface temperature and TOA net radiation (or the linear striation feature as suggested by previous studies) might represent climate feedbacks when the system had no memories. However, climate systems with the same short-term feedbacks but different memories would have a similar linear striation feature. This linear striation feature reflects only fast components of climate feedbacks and may not represent the total climate feedback even when the memory length of climate systems is minimal. The potential errors in the use of short-term relationships in estimations of climate sensitivity could be big. In short time scales, fast climate processes may overwhelm long-term climate feedbacks. Thus, the climate radiative feedback parameter obtained from short-term data may not provide a reliable estimate of climate sensitivity. This result also suggests that long-term observations of global surface temperature and TOA radiation are critical in the understanding of climate feedbacks and sensitivities.     

不含三角形图的正常染色路和正常染色圈

图G为边染色图,对G中的任一顶点v,定义v的色度dc（v）：G中与顶点v相关联的边中不同染色的数目.用δc（G）表示图G的最小色度,即δc（G）=min{dc（v）：v∈G}.若图G为不含三角形的边染色图,且δc（G）≥2,则G含长为4d-2的正常染色路或长至少为2d-2的正常染色圈.     

随机Petri网模型中变迁的串、并联性能等价化简技术

随机Petri网的状态空间爆炸问题的研究始终是Petri网研究的主要问题之一.在随机Petri网模型中,变迁的串、并联是Petri网模型的主要基本形式,对它的化简不仅有助于解决随机Petri网状态空间的爆炸问题,而且也为其他随机Petri网的化简技术提供一个坚实的基础.另外在诸如工作流、多媒体等重要的随机Petri网模型中也存在大量的变迁的串、并联结构,所以对随机Petri网模型变迁的串、并联的化简,特别是能够推导出它的性能等价的数学公式就显得很有必要.本文详细阐述了随机Petri网变迁的串并联的模型化简技术,推导出了变迁的串、并联化简的性能等价公式,并给出一个化简的例子,最后对结果的相关问题进行了分析.     

网络展开图与符号网络分析

采用封闭网络模型,按照电路元件参数,采用开路、短路和着色运算,将电路图逐层分解,得到网络展开图.给出网络展开图的概念和运算规则,指出网络展开图中从根到末稍每个路径的值就是网络行列式展开式中的一个有效项,从而由网络展开图得到符号网络函数.该方法直接对电路图进行运算,不需要建立任何形式的电路方程和行列式,适用于一般的有源电路,而且能生成各种类型的网络函数.     

基于Web技术的网络拓扑图生成方法的研究

综合采用提取路由表和地址转发表的方法，对网络逻辑拓扑结构和物理拓扑结构进行自动探索，提出了用于优化显示网络拓扑图的一种显示算法，采用Java技术实现了基于Web的网络拓扑图，并对在实现过程中遇到的问题进行了探讨。试验结果表明，由此生成的网络拓扑图准确、美观、能够实现跨平台和跨区域的管理。     

Anomalous Density and Permittivity Effects on the Structure of Water

The relationship between the structural peculiarities of the hydrogen bond net and the anomalous behavior of density and dielectric permittivity of water is investigated. The degree of ordering in the network of hydrogen bonds is described in terms of the structural functions, among which the most important ones are tetrahedricity and the mean number of hydrogen bonds per molecule. The temperature dependence of the number of hydrogen bonds per molecule is discussed in terms of the analysis of the experimental temperature dependences of density and permittivity of water on the saturation line. The estimated density of hexagonal ice at the melting point is reproduced in terms of the concepts suggested for analysis; the estimate is rather close to the experimental value. Possible applications of the new approach are discussed.     

基于能量色散X射线荧光光谱的鱼粉产地溯源方法研究

鱼粉是一种在养殖业中占有重要地位的高蛋白饲料原料.我国对鱼粉的市场需求很大,但不同产地的鱼粉存在品质差异的问题.为保证鱼粉品质安全,建立鱼粉产地溯源系统具有非常重要的意义.能量色散X射线荧光光谱根据元素辐射X射线荧光光子能量不同,能够检测样品矿物质元素种类和含量.鱼粉所含矿物质元素种类和含量会因鱼粉产地不同而存在差异,...     

一种价格时间Petri网的状态空间计算

价格时间Petri网是对web服务过程和工作流模型等进行时间和成本分析的一种新工具.而价格时间自动机则是一种相对成熟的工具.提出一种状态空间计算方法,可以将价格时间Petri网的状态空间构造为一个价格时间自动机.该方法的核心思想是在扩展状态类中增加价格参数.进一步证明了构造出的价格时间自动机和初始的价格时间Petri网是双相似的.     

HL-2M 磁体系统安装中的定位与测量

为提高磁体系统安装精度,在 HL-2M 集成大厅建立 63 个基准点构成测量基准网,并利用激光跟 踪仪等高精度测量设备建立每个磁体的局部坐标系,测量特征点的局部坐标;基于测量基准网和公共测量点,采 用最佳拟合得到坐标转换矩阵,以此得到特征点在测量基准网的位置,指导磁体安装。完成安装后的中心柱同支 撑基础的同轴度为∅2.03mm;PF1~PF4 线圈安装标高偏差为±0.5mm,与中心柱的同轴度为∅2.60mm;PF5/6/7/8 线圈与中心柱的同轴度偏差小于∅3.00mm,标高偏差在[−1mm, 1mm]区间内。基于以上方法所得到的线圈安装精 度都满足设计需求。     

建立湖州广电网络信息业务平台的设想

叙述在数字电视平台上建立广电网络信息业务平台的设想,并提出建立湖州广电网络信息业务平台的几点看法。