不同光场二阶相干度的实验研究

基于Hanbury Brown-Twiss(HBT)实验,我们借助于两个单光子计数模块,一个50/50分束器和一个快速计数卡(FastCom-P7888)研究了不同光场的二阶相干度。我们首先制备了脉冲相干光,连续相干光以及单原子发出的单光子源,并测量这几种不同光场的二阶相干度g(2)(τ)。我们通过测量俘获在磁光阱(MOT)和远失谐偶极阱(FORT)中的单原子在近共振连续激光激发下所辐射的荧光的二阶相干度,分别得到了g(2)(τ=0)=0.08和g(2)(τ=0)=0.09,借助于实验中产生的脉冲光与单原子,接下来我们将进行触发式单光子源的实验研究。     

Review of chip-scale atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping

Research on chip-scale atomic clocks （CSACs） based on coherent population trapping （CPT） is reviewed. The back- ground and the inspiration for the research are described, including the important schemes proposed to improve the CPT signal quality, the selection of atoms and buffer gases, and the development of micro-cell fabrication. With regard to the re- liability, stability, and service life of the CSACs, the research regarding the sensitivity of the CPT resonance to temperature and laser power changes is also reviewed, as well as the CPT resonance＇s collision and light of frequency shifts. The first generation CSACs have already been developed but its characters are still far from our expectations. Our conclusion is that miniaturization and power reduction are the most important aspects calling for further research.     

Selective creation of maximum coherence in multi-level Λ system

We consider the creation of the maximum Raman coherence in the six-level Λ system using optimal control theory. Optimal fields are designed for different initial conditions, resonant, and off-resonant, using the Krotov method including a reference field into the cost functional. Suppression of the population transfer to the intermediate level is achieved via an additional functional constraint which depends on the system dynamics. We demonstrate that the spectrum of the optimised fields has major contribution from the corresponding resonant frequencies independently of the choice of carrier frequency of the initial guess field. We also indicate that the pulse train emerges as a solution of the control problem of coherence optimisation in multi-level quantum systems.     

Analyzing ultrafast multiplex coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectra with picosecond probing

This article reports an efficient method to simulate time and frequency resolved coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering spectra measured with picosecond pump and probe fields and ultrashort Stokes pulses. A systematic comparison of measured and simulated time and frequency dependent data is presented for carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, octane, and poly(methyl methacrylate). While the first compound exhibits no Raman active modes in the considered spectral region of the CH‐stretch vibrations, the other ones show Raman spectra of increasing complexity. Vibrational frequencies and homogeneous dephasing rates are extracted by fitting explicit analytical formulas to the recorded data. Interference between nonresonant and resonant contributions to the nonlinear polarization is taken fully into account. The ability to measure the influence of inhomogeneous broadening is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Extraction and verification of coherent structures in near-wall turbulence

According to the characteristics of coherent structures in near-wall turbulence, an accurate extraction and verification method is developed based on wavelet transform (WT) and correlation analysis in this paper. At first, the fluid field of a turbulent boundary layer is measured precisely in a gravitational low-speed water tunnel. On the basis of the distribution of the coherent structures, velocity data of three test points are selected and analyzed, whose dimensionless heights are 20.8, 33.5, and 42.6. According to the frequency range of power spectrum density (PSD), coherent and incoherent structures are both extracted from the original signals using continuous and orthogonal wavelet transforms. To confirm the validity of the extracted signals, the probability density function (PDF) of each extracted signal is calculated. The result demonstrates that the incoherent structures obey the Gaussian distribution, while the coherent structures deviate from the Gaussian distribution. The PDFs of the coherent structures and the original signals are similar, which shows that the coherent structures make most contributions to the turbulence. For further verification, a correlation parameter between coherent and incoherent structures is defined, which evidently proves the validity of the extraction method in this paper.     

Novel silica stabilization method for the analysis of fine nanocrystals using coherent X‐ray diffraction imaging

High‐energy X‐ray Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) is a well established synchrotron‐based technique used to quantitatively reconstruct the three‐dimensional morphology and strain distribution in nanocrystals. The BCDI technique has become a powerful analytical tool for quantitative investigations of nanocrystals, nanotubes, nanorods and more recently biological systems. BCDI has however typically failed for fine nanocrystals in sub‐100 nm size regimes – a size routinely achievable by chemical synthesis – despite the spatial resolution of the BCDI technique being 20–30 nm. The limitations of this technique arise from the movement of nanocrystals under illumination by the highly coherent beam, which prevents full diffraction data sets from being acquired. A solution is provided here to overcome this problem and extend the size limit of the BCDI technique, through the design of a novel stabilization method by embedding the fine nanocrystals into a silica matrix. Chemically synthesized FePt nanocrystals of maximum dimension 20 nm and AuPd nanocrystals in the size range 60–65 nm were investigated with BCDI measurement at beamline 34‐ID‐C of the APS, Argonne National Laboratory. Novel experimental methodologies to elucidate the presence of strain in fine nanocrystals are a necessary pre‐requisite in order to better understand strain profiles in engineered nanocrystals for novel device development.     

Utilizing broadband X‐rays in a Bragg coherent X‐ray diffraction imaging experiment

A method is presented to simplify Bragg coherent X‐ray diffraction imaging studies of complex heterogeneous crystalline materials with a two‐stage screening/imaging process that utilizes polychromatic and monochromatic coherent X‐rays and is compatible with in situ sample environments. Coherent white‐beam diffraction is used to identify an individual crystal particle or grain that displays desired properties within a larger population. A three‐dimensional reciprocal‐space map suitable for diffraction imaging is then measured for the Bragg peak of interest using a monochromatic beam energy scan that requires no sample motion, thus simplifying in situ chamber design. This approach was demonstrated with Au nanoparticles and will enable, for example, individual grains in a polycrystalline material of specific orientation to be selected, then imaged in three dimensions while under load.     

非线性光学效应与光速减慢

激光技术的发展为极限光速的测量和应用提供了有效工具。本主要介绍了与光速减慢有关的非线性光学知识和光速减慢的实验原理及方法。光速减慢实验中用到的低温Na原子气在探测激光和耦合激光的共同作用下处于量子相干态－－一种非线性极化状态,由于电磁感应透明效应（EIT）,探测光可以使介质的折射率改变并能透过Na原子气,使极限光速的测量和应用变为实现。     

三维气固两相混合层湍流拟序结构的直接数值模拟

本文对三维气固两相混合层湍流拟序结构进行了直接数值模拟。气相流场应用拟谱方法对Ｎ－Ｓ方程组进行直接求解,通过模拟时间模式的混合层流动,分析流场失稳后涡的卷起、配对、合并及撕裂过程,研究三维混合层湍流拟序结构的演变特征;计算颗粒场时,采用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ方法,针对颗粒不同的Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ数,模拟了颗粒场的瞬态分布,并分析流场三维大涡结构对颗粒分布的影响。     

Interference of arsenic diffusion by argon implantation

In the study of ion implantation, electrically active ions or noble gas ions are often used for damage study, range profiling, etc. Very seldom are both electrically active ions and noble gas ions implanted at about the same depth. In the work reported here, argon and arsenic ion implants and their interference in diffusion were studied by using backscattering, electrical measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Several unexpected phenomena were observed.

First, when both Ar and As are implanted in high doses (about 10¹⁶/cm²), at depths around a few hundred nanometers, the Ar significantly hampers the As diffusion, and the As prevents the outdiffusion of the Ar. The interference occurs regardless of which ion is implanted first.

Second, when Si wafers uniformly doped with about 4 × 10¹⁹ As/cm³ are ion-implanted with log¹⁶ Ar/cm² at 130 keV, the As atoms stay uniformly distributed. When the sample is annealed at a temperature between 900 and 1100°C in a nitrogen ambient, however, double peaks for both Ar and As are observed by backscattering. The nonuniform distribution of As after the heat treatment of the uniformly distributed As is puzzling.

Finally, the As profile for an As capsule diffused on a silicon wafer is greatly altered when the wafer has been pre-implanted with Ar. Arsenic atoms tend to build up at the same depth as the Ar atoms.

Several other observations concerning Ar and As are equally puzzling. This paper discusses the observations and some plausible explanations.