Observation of flux qubit states with the help of a superconducting differential double contour interferometer

The critical current of a new structure, the superconducting differential double contour interferometer (DDCI), investigated recently, depends on the parity of the sum of quantum numbers of the two superconducting loops connected in two points by two Josephson junctions. The theory confirms that the DDCI structure can be used for the ideal readout of quantum states of the flux qubit. Large jumps in the critical current and voltage enables to observe continuously the change in time the state of the flux qubit. Such observations can have fundamental importance for the investigation of macroscopic quantum systems with strongly discrete spectrum such as the flux qubit. The DDCI structure can also be used for precise measurement of a very weak magnetic field.     

中性原子量子计算研究进展

相互作用可控、相干时间较长的中性单原子体系具备在1 mm2的面积上提供成千上万个量子比特的规模化集成的优势,是进行量子模拟、实现量子计算的有力候选者.近几年中性单原子体系在实验上取得了快速的发展,完成了包括50个单原子的确定性装载、二维和三维阵列中单个原子的寻址和操控、量子比特相干时间的延长、基于里德伯态的两比特量子门的实现和原子态的高效读出等,这些工作极大地推动了该体系在量子模拟和量子计算方面的应用.本文综述了该体系在量子计算方面的研究进展,并介绍了我们在其中所做的两个贡献:一是实现了"魔幻强度光阱",克服了光阱中原子退相干的首要因素,将原子相干时间提高了百倍,使得相干时间与比特操作时间的比值高达105;二是利用异核原子共振频率的差异建立了低串扰的异核单原子体系,并利用里德伯阻塞效应首次实现了异核两原子的量子受控非门和量子纠缠,将量子计算的实验研究拓展至异核领域.最后,分析了中性单原子体系在量子模拟和量子计算方面进一步发展面临的挑战与瓶颈.     

The coherent radiation fraction of low‐emittance synchrotrons

In this work the coherence properties of the synchrotron radiation beam from an X‐ray undulator in a fourth‐generation storage ring are analyzed. A slightly focused X‐ray beam is simulated using a wavefront propagation through a non‐redundant array of slits and the mutual coherence function is directly obtained and compared with the Gaussian–Schell approximation. The numerical wave propagation and the approximate analytical approaches are shown to agree qualitatively, and it is also shown that, when the coherent fraction is selected by a finite aperture before the focusing element, even achromatic focusing systems like total reflection mirrors become slightly chromatic. This effect is also well accounted for in the Gaussian–Schell model. The wavefront propagation simulation through the non‐redundant array was repeated with an imperfect mirror demonstrating that, although the wavefront is distorted, its coherent length is practically unchanged.     

Development of new apertures for coherent X‐ray experiments

When one performs a coherent small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiment, the incident beam must be spatially filtered by slits on a length scale smaller than the transverse coherence length of the source which is typically around 10 µm. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the slit is one of the important sources of background in these experiments. New slits which minimize this parasitic background have been designed and tested. The slit configuration apodizes the beam by the use of partially transmitting inclined slit jaws. A model is presented which predicts that the high wavevector tails of the diffraction pattern fall as the inverse fourth power of the wavevector instead of the inverse second power that is observed for standard slits. Using cleaved GaAs single‐crystal edges, Fraunhofer diffraction patterns from 3 and 5.5 keV X‐rays were measured, in agreement with the theoretical model proposed. A novel phase‐peak diffraction pattern associated with phase variations of the transmitted electric field was also observed. The model proposed adequately accounts for this phenomenon.     

Phase control of maximal atomic coherence

The atomic coherence in a three-level Λ atom is studied, in which each optical transition is driven by a coherent field and the metastable states are coupled to each other via a microwave field. It’s shown that the atomic coherence crucially depends on the relative phase delay between the envelopes of the amplitudes of the three coupling fields. In particular, when the phase delay is adjusted to 0 or π, the maximal atomic coherence arises, while the maximal atomic coherence doesn’t occur once the phase delay is changed to π/2. The maximal atomic coherence is attributed to the trapping of the population in the lower sublevels.     

Correlations in photon-numbers and integrated intensities in parametric processes involving three optical fields

Two strongly-pumped parametric interactions are simultaneously realized in a single nonlinear crystal in order to generate three strongly correlated optical fields. By combining together the outputs of two of the three detectors measuring intensities of the generated fields, we obtain the joint photocount statistics between the single field and the sum of the other two. We apply a microscopic quantum theory developed earlier to determine the joint photon-number distribution and the joint quasi-distributions of integrated intensities and prove nonclassical nature of the three-mode state. Finally, by performing a conditional measurement on the single field, we obtain a state endowed with a sub-Poissonian statistics, as testified by the analysis of the conditional Fano factor. The role of quantum detection efficiencies in this conditional state-preparation method is discussed in detail.     

自发辐射诱导相干对开放的Ladder型系统无反转激光增益瞬态演化的影响

利用开放的Ladder型三能级原子系统密度矩阵运动方程的数值解,研究了在探测场和驱动场双共振条件下,自发辐射诱导相干（SGC） 对系统无反转激光（LWI）增益瞬态演化的影响以及注入速率比和退出速率对与SGC相关的增益的调制作用.研究结果表明：SGC强度的变化将使瞬态增益和最终的稳定增益发生显著的改变;存在非相干抽运时,LWI增益随注入速率比和退出速率的减小而增大,而不存在非相干抽运时的情况与此正好相反;通过选取适当的SGC强度、注入速率比和退出速率可得到最大的LWI增益的瞬态值和最终的稳定值. 关键词： 开放系统 自发辐射诱导相干 瞬态演化 无反转增益     

Optical Properties of Neutral and Charged Low Band Gap Alternating Copolyfluorenes: TD-DFT Investigation

用含时的密度泛函(TD-DFT)方法研究了低带隙的中性和带电的交替共聚芴(Green 1),该化合物是由烷基取代芴和(1,2,5-噻吩基-3,4-硫重氮基)喹喔啉噻吩(T-TDQ-T)单元交替重复组成,对他们的激发态特性用二维(2D)和三维(3D)实空间分析方法做了进一步分析．对于中性的Green 1,分别得到其带隙、键能、激子结合能和核驰豫能．用3D跃迁密度方法对中性和带电的Green 1的跃迁偶极矩进行比较可显示出跃迁偶极矩的取向和强度;用3D电荷差异密度方法显示出激发后的中性和带电的Green 1电荷重新分布和比较,用2D实空间分析方法(跃迁密度矩阵)来研究中性和带电的Green1处于激发态时的电子空穴相干性．中性Green 1的激发态特性分别用TD-DFT和ZINDO两种方法进行了计算,比较得出电子-电子相互作用(在TD-DFT中)对激发态性质的重要影响．     

光学相干层析术提取色散信息的初步研究

为了提取生物组织的色散信息,提出了一种基于Fourier变换以及多项式拟合的方法.该方法通过对光学相干层析术的干涉包络进行Fourier变换,再将得到的相位谱进行多项式拟合以实现色散信息的提取.通过数值模拟及相关实验验证了该方法的可行性.本文的分析结果不但有助于实现动态的色散补偿,而且可以用于区分不同的生物组织,以及同一生物组织的不同生理状态.