政府奖励对报废汽车回收模式选择的作用机制研究——基于企业社会责任视角

随着我国报废汽车数量的增多,由其造成的交通隐患、环境污染和资源浪费已成为重要社会问题,而如何设计合理可行的回收模式成为解决问题的关键。以制造商主导为前提,提出了基于企业社会责任的报废汽车回收模型,构建了制造商回收、销售商回收和第三方回收模式下的回收流程和数学模型,通过实例对考虑和不考虑企业社会责任两种情况下的回收模型进行了分析,探讨了不同政府奖励下报废汽车回收模式的策略选择。通过研究发现:(1)不论是否考虑企业社会责任,随着政府奖励的增加,制造商最终都会选择由自己进行回收;(2)当考虑企业社会责任时,政府奖励和决策者经济责任偏好都会导致决策的改变,随着政府奖励和赋予经济责任权重的同步增加,制造商的决策由第三方企业回收模式或销售商回收模式变成了制造商回收模式,表明政府奖励和企业社会责任对报废汽车回收模式选择具有显著影响。     

Salen–Mg-doped NH2–MIL-101(Cr) for effective CO2 adsorption under ambient conditions

A novel metal-doped metal–organic framework (MOF) was developed by incorporating salen–Mg into NH₂–MIL-101(Cr) structure under ambient conditions. The Schiff base complex was successfully prepared by condensing salicylaldehyde with a free amino group and then coordinating metal ions. Such a structure can endow the sample with higher CO₂ adsorption performance. At 0°C and 1 bar, the salen–Mg-modified sample achieves the maximum adsorption capacity of 2.18 mmol g⁻¹ for CO₂, which was 5.8% higher than the pristine salen–MOF under the same conditions. Notably, the Freundlich model indicates that the CO₂ adsorption process of all samples conforms to reversible adsorption. However, the correlation coefficients (R²) of the Mg-doped sample are lower than that of the pristine sample. Besides, the CO₂/N₂ adsorption selectivity and isosteric heat also show a similar trend. These results indicate that the salen–Mg can enhance the interaction between the material and CO₂ molecules.     

A coefficient identification problem for a mathematical model related to ductal carcinoma in situ

We consider a coefficient identification problem for a mathematical model with free boundary related to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This inverse problem aims to determine the nutrient consumption rate from additional measurement data at a boundary point. We first obtain a global‐in‐time uniqueness of our inverse problem. Then based on the optimization method, we present a regularization algorithm to recover the nutrient consumption rate. Finally, our numerical experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed numerical method.     

An Improved Model for Polyether Production from 1,3‐Propanediol

A dynamic mathematical model is developed for production of Cerenol polyether from 1,3‐propanediol in a batch reactor system. The model accounts for polycondensation reactions and side reactions in the liquid phase and for mass transfer of volatile species to the vapor. Parameters are estimated using measured liquid‐phase concentrations of monomer, oligomers, water, and end groups as well as the mass and composition of condensate collected from the overhead condenser system. The proposed model uses novel probability factors to keep the model equations relatively simple while accounting for the complex influence of superacid catalyst on reaction rates. The model is a significant advance over previous Cerenol models because it better accounts for mass‐transfer rates and for the dynamic behavior of the condenser. In addition, the proposed model accounts for the inhibitory influence of water on polycondensation kinetics due to hydration of hydroxyl ends. The model equations and parameter estimates provide a substantial improvement in fit to the data, especially for long reaction times and high catalyst levels, resulting in a 97% reduction in the value of the weighted least squared objective function compared to equations and parameters from a previous model.     

A detailed chemical kinetic model for the supercritical water oxidation of methylamine: The importance of imine formation

A detailed chemical kinetic model has been developed for supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of methylamine, CH₃NH₂, providing insight into the intermediates and final products formed in this process as well as the dominant reaction pathways. The model was adapted from previous mechanisms, with a revision of the peroxyl radical chemistry to include imine formation, which has recently been identified as the dominant gas-phase pathway in amine oxidation. The developed model can reproduce previous experimental data on methylamine consumption and major product formation to reasonable accuracy, although with deficiencies in describing the induction time. Our simulations indicate that oxidation of the ^•CH₂NH₂ radical to methanimine, CH₂NH, is the major channel in methylamine SCWO, with subsequent hydrolysis of CH₂NH providing the experimentally observed reaction products ammonia and formaldehyde. Integral-averaged reaction rates were used to identify major reaction pathways, and a first-order sensitivity analysis indicated that the concentration of CH₃NH₂ is most sensitive to OH radical kinetics. Overall, this work clarifies the importance of imine chemistry in the oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds and indicates that they are necessary to model these compounds in SCWO processes.     

基本养老保险缴费心理活动维度的实证研究:个人心理账户视角

本文从心理账户理论视角,通过问卷调查,运用非集计模型,对个人基本养老保险缴费心理活动维度进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,受教育程度、非常规的额外收入、经营性收入、安全型保障账户和风险型存储账户是影响缴费的关键性因素,进而提出引导设立特定缴费心理账户、增强缴费制度弹性,改变缴费者的选择框架, 提升缴费遵从度。     

生产率差异与企业对外直接投资进入模式选择

基于企业异质性视角,借鉴演化博弈理论探究企业通过OFDI“走出去”时的跨国并购方和标的方在全要素生产率上的差异对企业OFDI进入策略选择的影响机制。利用Hotelling模型构造资本密集型企业与劳动密集型企业OFDI进入策略选择博弈模型,讨论两类企业OFDI进入方式决策在并购双方生产率差异变化之下的变迁机理。研究发现:当并购方和被并购方生产率差异较小时,市场达到两类企业都倾向于跨国并购策略的演化稳定状态;当并购双方生产率差异较大时,企业的生产要素密集度及其结构对其OFDI进入模式决策具有重要的作用,知识或技术密集度较高的资本密集型企业与综合实力强势的部分劳动密集型企业采取跨国并购战略,而另一部分劳动密集型企业选择绿地新建方式进入国际市场。即企业OFDI进入策略选择因其所属的行业生产要素密集度及其结构不同而具有差异性。研究结论在一定程度上弥补了现有研究的不足,为以后的研究工作提供一定的理论参考。     

A continuum model for intermittent deformation of single crystal micropillars

Strain bursts are often observed during compression tests of single crystal micropillars. In this work, we formulate a new continuum model that accounts for the strain bursts within the framework of crystal plasticity. The strain bursts are separated from the loading stage (nearly elastic loading) by introducing a dimensionless constant in the continuum model, and are detected by load serrations. The boundary conditions in the context of micropillar compression are studied and they are shown to be changing and unpredictable as plastic deformation proceeds. To evaluate the validity of our model, finite element simulations of the uniaxial compression tests on nickel micropillars are performed. Our simulations produce clearly visible strain bursts during the plastic flow and the produced intermittent flows are comparable with the experimental observations. For the bulk crystal, a series of strain bursts is identified in the course of plastic flow, despite an apparently smooth stress–strain response. We also show that the intermittent flow is intensified in the micrometer-scale due to both increasing numbers of the successive strain bursts and increasing amplitude of the strain burst, when the specimen size decreases. Finally, we show that the occurrences of the strain bursts are always associated with negative values of the second-order work.