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31.
Experiments concerning the properties of soap films have recently been carried out and these systems have been proposed as experimental versions of theoretical two‐dimensional liquids. A silk filament introduced into a flowing soap film, was seen to demonstrate various stable modes, and these were, namely, a mode in which the filament oscillates and one in which the filament is stationary and aligns with the flow of the liquid. The system could be forced from the oscillatory mode into the non‐ oscillatory mode by varying the length of the filament. In this article we use numerical and computational techniques in order to simulate the strongly coupled behaviour of the filament and the fluid. Preliminary results are presented for the specific case in which the filament is seen to oscillate continuously for the duration of our simulation. We also find that the filament oscillations are strongly suppressed when we reduce the effective length of the filament. We believe that these results are reminiscent of the different oscillatory and non‐oscillatory modes observed in experiment. The numerical solutions show that, in contrast to experiment, vortices are created at the leading edge of the filament and are preferentially grown in the curvature of the filament and are eventually released from the trailing edge of the filament. In a similar manner to oscillating hydrofoils, it seems that the oscillating filaments are in a minimal energy state, extracting sufficient energy from the fluid to oscillate. In comparing numerical and experimental results it is possible that the soap film does have an effect on the fluid flow especially in the boundary layer where surface tension forces are large. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
32.
Shuichi Ishida Keiki Takeda Atsushi Okamoto Ichiro Shibasaki 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,20(3-4):255
Magnetoresistance (MR) effects have been investigated in perpendicular and parallel magnetic fields at 300, 80 K and liquid He temperatures for undoped InSb thin films 0.1–2.3 μm thick grown on GaAs(1 0 0) substrates by MBE. At high temperatures, the intrinsic carriers show the parabolic negative MR observable only in magnetic fields parallel to the film. The skipping-orbit effect due to surface boundary scattering in the classical orbits in the plane vertical to the film has been argued to be responsible for the negative MR. At low temperatures (T=80 K), the transport is dominated by the two-dimensional (2D) electrons in the accumulation layers at the InSb/GaAs(1 0 0) hetero interface; MR is positive and shows a logarithmic increase with anisotropy between parallel and perpendicular field orientation, arising from the 2D weak anti-localization (WAL) that reflects the interplay between the spin-Zeeman effect and strong spin–orbit interaction caused by the asymmetric potential at the interface (Rashba term). The zero-field spin splitting energy of Δ013 meV, the electron effective mass of m*0.10m0 seven times of the band edge mass in bulk InSb and the effective g-factor of |g*|15 in the accumulation layer have been inferred from fits of MR for the 0.1 μm thick film to the 2D WL theory. 相似文献
33.
Cr3+:MgAl2O4晶体EPR参量及其电子精细光谱的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
考虑了SS(Spin-Spin)作用和SOO(Spin-Other-Orbit)作用,采用完全对角化方法,结合自旋Hamiltonian理论,研究了Cr3+∶MgAl2O4晶体EPR参量及其吸收光谱,理论与实验符合甚好. 在此基础上,进一步研究了4A2(3d3)离子EPR参量的微观起源. 研究表明,EPR参量起源于四种微观机制:(1) SO(Spin-Orbit) 耦合机制;(2) SS耦合机制;(3)SOO耦合机制;(4) SO~SS~SOO总联合作用机制. 在这些机制中,SO机制是最主要的. 相似文献
34.
35.
基于改进遗传算法的布局优化子问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本针对子问题,构造了布局子问题(关于同构布局等价类)的改进遗传算法。将该算法应用于二维布局优化子问题,数值实验表明该算法能够在很好地保持图元的邻接关系的前提下找到子问题的最优解。由于布局优化问题可分解为有限个子问题,所以利用该算法可以找到整个布局优化问题的全局最优解。 相似文献
36.
The association of complex formation with static quenching in CT systems was investigated. Evaluation of the data made evident
that the inner filter effect must be allowed for. Time-resolved and temperature-dependent stationary measurements of fluorescence
led to the separation of dynamic and static quenching components. The static quenching constant is discussed with respect
to the equilibrium constant of complex formation determined by absorption spectroscopy. 相似文献
37.
I. Nakai 《Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici》1998,73(2):177-205
A curvilinear d-web W = (F
1 , . . . , F
d
) is a configuration of d curvilinear foliations F
i
on a surface. When d = 3, Bott connections of the normal bundles of F
i
extend naturally to equal affine connection, which is called Chern connection. For 3 < d, this is the case if and only if the modulus of tangents to the leaves of F
i
at a point is constant. A d-web is associative if the modulus is constant and weakly associative if Chern connections of all 3-subwebs have equal curvature form. We give a geometric interpretation of the curvature form
in terms of fake billiard in §2, and prove that a weakly associative d-web is associative if Chern connections of triples of the members are non flat, and then the foliations are defined by members
of a pencil (projective linear family of dim 1) of 1-forms. This result completes the classification of weakly associative
4-webs initiated by Poincaré, Mayrhofer and Reidemeister for the flat case. In §4, we generalize the result for n + 2-webs of n-spaces.
Received: September 23, 1996 相似文献
38.
四种别藻蓝蛋白三聚体的时间分辨荧光光谱研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了从Anabanavaribilis中提取的4种别藻蓝蛋白APCI,APCII,APCII及APCB三聚体的稳态光谱和皮秒荧光光谱。采用Monte-Carlo方法对瞬态荧光光谱进行拟合,实验结果表明:APCI荧光有两个带,其中第一个带位于662nm,有两个时间组分:35.8ps和1.67ns;第二个带位于680nm,有两个时间组分:34.2ps和1.64ns;APCII瞬态荧光位于660nm,有两个时间组分:20.4ps和1.64ns;APCII瞬态荧光位于660nm,有两个时间组分:23.8ps和1.76ns;APCB瞬态荧光有两个带,其中第一个带位于662nm,有两个时间组分:36.6ps和1.45ns;第二个带位于680nm,有两个时间组分:25.8ps和1.62ns。实验结果一方面说明了藻胆体核内4种别藻蓝蛋白形成能量传递的两条途径;另一方面瞬态荧光解叠结果揭示了APCI和APCB三聚体内能量传递的超快过程。 相似文献
39.
透镜空间L~1(p)上向量丛的示性类 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文讨论了透镜空间 L1( p)的上同调环中生成元的运算性质 ,进而利用 L1( p)的 KO -结构得到了L1( p)上任一向量丛的全 Stiefel-Whitney类 相似文献
40.
描述了简并V型三能级原子与单模相干态光场的Raman相互作用,获得了处于激发态单态的原子与相干态光场相互作用的结果.利用探测原子与光场的相互作用将原子和光场制备成最大缠结态,并注入待测原子,通过原子与腔模构成的Bell基矢演化,对腔场进行选择性探测,获得探测原子相互作用后可能的量子状态,然后对待测原子与腔场进行联合探测,接着对探测原子的量子状态实施幺正变换,就将探测原子制备到待测原子的初始量子态上,从而实现未知原子态的隐形传送. 相似文献