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921.
Ian H. Campbell John P. Ferraris Thomas W. Hagler Michael D. Joswick Ian D. Parker Darryl L. Smith 《先进技术聚合物》1997,8(7):417-423
A widely applicable electroabsorption technique to measure internal electric fields in organic light-emitting diodes is presented. The technique exploits the change in the a.c. electroabsorption response in the presence of a d.c. electric field. The electroabsorption signal is modulated at the fundamental frequency of the a.c. test signal, in addition to the usual modulation at the second harmonic frequency, when a d.c. bias is present. In metal/organic film/metal devices employing different metal contacts there is a built-in electric field in the organic film caused by the difference in work function between the two contacts. The electroabsorption response at the fundamental frequency of the applied a.c. bias is measured as a function of an external d.c. bias. The electroabsorption signal is nulled when the applied d.c. bias cancels the built-in electric field established by the different metals. We apply this technique to measure changes in metal–polymer Schottky barrier heights as a function of the contact metal. In metal/multiple organic films/metal structures the electroabsorption signals from the constituent organic films are identified spectroscopically and measured at both the fundamental and second harmonic frequency of the a.c. test signal. The amplitudes of the electroabsorption responses are then used to determine the a.c. and d.c. electric fields present in the organic layers. We apply this technique to determine the d.c. electric field distribution within a multi-layer organic light-emitting diode. These results highlight the general applicability of electroabsorption methods to probe internal electric fields in organic light-emitting diodes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
922.
Takashi Uemura Nobuyuki Okuda Hiroya Kirmura Yasuko Okuda Yoshinobu Ueba Tuguru Shirakawa 《先进技术聚合物》1997,8(7):437-442
Electroluminescent(EL) devices have been fabricated using four different polymers with different glass transition temperatures (Tg) dispersed with N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) as a hole transport layer and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) as an emitting layer. It was found that the higher the Tg of the polymer, the longer the lifetime of the device. From observations of TPD-doped polymer films with optical microscope and atomic force microscope, dispersing TPD in the polymers was found to suppress the crystallization that causes the roughness of the film surface. It was also observed that the higher the Tg of the host polymers, the more difficult TPD crystallization was. The property of the EL device with polyethersulfone (PES) dispersed with TPD was also investigated. The lifetime of EL device with the TPD doped PES film was improved more than five times at a current density below 10 mA/cm2 compared with the device with a conventional TPD hole transport layer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
923.
Applications of high polymers, especially conventional polymers used in an extracorporeal blood purification system, are discussed through the development of an LDL (low-density lipoprotein) apheresis system. An adsorption-based blood purification system designed to remove LDL selectively (a major risk factor leading to severe heart disease) was developed using dextransulfate as the specific ligand to adsorb LDL. Dextransulfate, in order to give a novel function similar to that of an LDL receptor, was covalently bound to porous cellulose beads with optimized morphology. The sophisticated function of an LDL receptor was successfully mimicked by the appropriate combination of well-defined conventional polymers, namely dextransulfate and cellulose. A total apheresis system, including a plasma separator, was also designed solely utilizing high polymers. This enabled the total system to be disposable, ensuring reliability. High polymers used in the system were all conventional polymers, those already qualified and evaluated for medical use. In designing this new blood purification system, our approach was to employ many of the conventional and qualified polymers, leading to a system industrially manufacturable, reliable and accepted as standard treatment in the medical community. This system demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia, and is widely used in the world as standard treatment. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
924.
Joanna Korec Karol A. Stasiewicz Katarzyna Garbat Leszek R. Jaroszewicz 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(24)
This paper is a continuation of previous work and shows the enhancement of the surface plasmon resonance effect in a tapered optical fiber device. The study investigated liquid crystal cells containing a tapered optical fiber covered with a silver nanolayer, surrounded by a low refractive index liquid crystal in terms of the properties of light propagation in the taper structure. Silver films with a thickness of d = 10 nm were deposited on the tapered waist area. Measurements were performed at room temperature; liquid crystal steering voltage U from 0 to 200 V, with and without any amplitude modulation with a frequency of f = 5 Hz, and the wavelength λ ranged from 550 to 1200 nm. A significant influence of the initial arrangement of liquid crystals molecules on light propagation was observed. Three types of liquid crystal cells—orthogonal, parallel, and twist—were considered. During the measurements, resonant peaks were obtained—the position of which can also be controlled by the type of liquid crystal cells and the steering voltage. Based on the obtained results, the best parameters, such as highest peak’s width reduction, and the highest SNR value were received for twisted cells. In addition, the present work was compared with the previous work and showed the possibility of improving properties of the manufactured probes, and consequently, the surface plasmon resonance effect. In the presented paper, the novelty is mainly focused on the used materials as well as suitable changes in applied technological parameters. In contrast to gold, silver is characterized by different optic and dielectric properties, e.g., refractive index, extension coefficient, and permittivity, which results in changes in the light propagation and the SPR wavelengths. 相似文献
925.
分子电子学已成为21世纪研究的热点. 通过将具有特定功能的分子连接在纳米尺度金属电极之间从而构筑包括分子导线、开关、整流器在内的各种分子尺度电子器件, 这引起了科学家们广泛的研究兴趣. 在分子电子学研究中, 构筑金属/分子/金属(MMM)分子结是研究分子器件中电子传输性质的关键. 尽管已经取得了很大的进展, 目前在纳米尺度下构筑稳定可靠的MMM分子结并测试单个分子的电学性质仍然面临很多挑战. 本文着重对单分子电学性质的测试技术和相关理论研究的最新进展以及存在的挑战做了概述. 相似文献
926.
927.
928.
延迟击穿器件(DBD)是一种新型半导体开关。研究了国产PIN二极管的延迟击穿效应,主要进行了单管、串联双管和串并联多管阵列PIN二极管器件的延迟击穿实验。实验结果显示,单管、双管和多管阵列PIN器件都可以陡化输入脉冲前沿,获得快前沿的输出脉冲。单管工作电压2.2 kV,脉冲前沿陡度由095 kV/ns提高到1.37 kV/ns;双管工作电压4.2 kV,脉冲前沿陡度由1.7 kV/ns提高到2.3 kV/ns;多管阵列工作电压8.0 kV,脉冲前沿陡度由2.4 kV/ns提高到3.2 kV/ns。 相似文献
929.
R. Sauer 《Crystal Research and Technology》1999,34(2):227-241
Non-equilibrium growth of synthetic diamond layers by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques on heterosubstrates has largely been improved over the past decade. On silicon substrates highly textured and oriented diamond films can be grown with optical transparencies and thermal conductivities suitable for broad-band optical windows and heat spreaders. Boron pulse-doping of homoepitaxial diamond layers leads to high p-conductivity at room temperature allowing the fabrication of Schottky diodes and field effect transistors operating at temperatures up to 1000 K. Other devices such as sensors and detectors are being successfully fabricated. At the same time many basic questions remain to be solved including efficient n-type doping. 相似文献
930.
本文介绍了利用线形同轴耦合式微波等离子体CVD法在硬质合金微型钻头(微钻)上沉积金刚石涂层的初步实验结果.微型钻头的直径为0.5mm,其中WC晶粒的尺寸约为0.5μm.在沉积前,先用Murakami溶液(10gKOH+10gK3[Fe(CN)6]+100ml H2O)对微钻刻蚀10min,使其表面粗化,然后用硫酸-双氧水溶液(10ml98wt;H2SO4+100ml 38;m/vH2O2)对其浸蚀60s,以去除其表面的Co.在金刚石涂层过程中发现,由于微钻尖端在微波电磁场中产生较集中的辉光放电现象,因而在微钻尖端很难获得金刚石涂层.针对这种金刚石涂层过程中的"尖端效应",尝试使用了金属丝屏蔽的方法以改变微钻周围的微波电磁场分布,克服了上述金刚石涂层过程中的"尖端效应",首次成功地采用微波等离子体CVD法在微钻上沉积了厚度为1.5μm的金刚石涂层. 相似文献