基于PI迟滞模型的压电陶瓷复合控制算法研究

为减小压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性对系统跟踪精度的影响,该文采用经典的存在逆解析的PI迟滞模型对压电陶瓷的迟滞特性进行建模,将PI模型的逆模型用于压电陶瓷的前馈控制算法中,然后设计了神经元比例、积分、微分(PID)反馈控制算法,将前馈控制算法与神经元PID反馈控制算法结合得到了压电陶瓷的复合控制算法。将仅含前馈的控制算法和复合控制算法在压电陶瓷的控制器上执行,实验结果表明,仅含前馈的控制算法的跟踪误差为1.256μm,而复合控制算法的跟踪误差仅为0.092μm,该复合控制算法使跟踪精度提高了1.164μm。     

Influences of Sr2+ Doping on Microstructure,Giant Dielectric Behavior,and Non-Ohmic Properties of CaCu3Ti4O12/CaTiO3 Ceramic Composites

The microstructure, dielectric response, and nonlinear current-voltage properties of Sr²⁺-doped CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂/CaTiO₃ (CCTO/CTO) ceramic composites, which were prepared by a solid-state reaction method using a single step from the starting nominal composition of CCTO/CTO/xSrO, were investigated. The CCTO and CTO phases were detected in the X-ray diffraction patterns. The lattice parameter increased with increasing Sr²⁺ doping concentration. The phase compositions of CCTO and CTO were confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with elemental mapping in the sintered ceramics. It can be confirmed that most of the Sr²⁺ ions substituted into the CTO phase, while some minor portion substituted into the CCTO phase. Furthermore, small segregation of Cu-rich was observed along the grain boundaries. The dielectric permittivity of the CCTO/CTO composite slightly decreased by doping with Sr²⁺, while the loss tangent was greatly reduced. Furthermore, the dielectric properties in a high-temperature range of the Sr²⁺-doped CCTO/CTO ceramic composites can be improved. Interestingly, the nonlinear electrical properties of the Sr²⁺-doped CCTO/CTO ceramic composites were significantly enhanced. The improved dielectric and nonlinear electrical properties of the Sr²⁺-doped CCTO/CTO ceramic composites were explained by the enhancement of the electrical properties of the internal interfaces.     

Small-scale fracture toughness of ceramic thin films: the effects of specimen geometry,ion beam notching and high temperature on chromium nitride toughness evaluation

For the implementation of thin ceramic hard coatings into intensive application environments, the fracture toughness is a particularly important material design parameter. Characterisation of the fracture toughness of small-scale specimens has been a topic of great debate, due to size effects, plasticity, residual stress effects and the influence of ion penetration from the sample fabrication process. In this work, several different small-scale fracture toughness geometries (single-beam cantilever, double-beam cantilever and micro-pillar splitting) were compared, fabricated from a thin physical vapour-deposited ceramic film using a focused ion beam source, and then the effect of the gallium-milled notch on mode I toughness quantification investigated. It was found that notching using a focused gallium source influences small-scale toughness measurements and can lead to an overestimation of the fracture toughness values for chromium nitride (CrN) thin films. The effects of gallium ion irradiation were further studied by performing the first small-scale high-temperature toughness measurements within the scanning electron microscope, with the consequence that annealing at high temperatures allows for diffusion of the gallium to grain boundaries promoting embrittlement in small-scale CrN samples. This work highlights the sensitivity of some materials to gallium ion penetration effects, and the profound effect that it can have on fracture toughness evaluation.     

Diversely Functionalised Cytochalasins through Mutasynthesis and Semi-Synthesis

Mutasynthesis of pyrichalasin H from Magnaporthe grisea NI980 yielded a series of unprecedented 4′-substituted cytochalasin analogues in titres as high as the wild-type system (≈60 mg L⁻¹). Halogenated, O-alkyl, O-allyl and O-propargyl examples were formed, as well as a 4′-azido analogue. 4′-O-Propargyl and 4′-azido analogues reacted smoothly in Huisgen cycloaddition reactions, whereas p-Br and p-I compounds reacted in Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions. A series of examples of biotin-linked, dye-linked and dimeric cytochalasins was rapidly created. In vitro and in vivo bioassays of these compounds showed that the 4′-halogenated and azido derivatives retained their cytotoxicity and antifungal activities; but a unique 4′-amino analogue was inactive. Attachment of larger substituents attenuated the bioactivities. In vivo actin-binding studies with adherent mammalian cells showed that actin remains the likely intracellular target. Dye-linked compounds revealed visualisation of intracellular actin structures even in the absence of phalloidin, thus constituting a potential new class of actin-visualisation tools with filament-barbed end-binding specificity.     

PEFC catalyst layers: Effect of support microstructure on both distributions of Pt and ionomer and cell performance and durability

In order to improve the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), various improvements in the microstructures of cathode catalyst layers (CLs) were initiated in the early 1990s. More recent advances in CL materials are highlighted, including carbon supports for improved accessibility of Pt nanoparticles (NPs), adsorption of ionomer on the Pt surface, high-oxygen-permeability ionomers, corrosion resistance of mesoporous and microporous carbons, and conductive ceramic supports with a fused-aggregate network structure. These approaches are summarized as stepwise improvements. The influences of the support structure on the distribution of Pt NPs and ionomer are reviewed, as well as their effects on performance and durability. These approaches for carbon supports are extended to conductive ceramic supports and the unique advantages are discussed.     

BaCO3基低温共烧陶瓷基板工艺及性能分析

对用于封装的BaCO3基低温共烧陶瓷基板LTCC材料进行了研究,包括组分配制以及陶瓷制备工艺研究。对烧结后陶瓷的部分热性能以及力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:BaCO3基低温共烧陶瓷较为致密的密度在3.8～4.2g/cm3,在900℃烧结的陶瓷机械形变较小。     

高频电介质新材料Ba2Ti3Nb4O18陶瓷

采用氧化物固相反应法制备了理论密度达96.8%以上的Ba2Ti3Nb4O18高频电介质陶瓷。XRD和SEM分析表明:该陶瓷为两相混合结构,主晶相为单斜Ba2Ti3Nb4O18相,次晶相为六方Ba3Ti4Nb4O21相。1250℃/2h烧结瓷体Ba3Ti4Nb4O21相的体积分数为5%~8%,1MHz下的介电性能为:εr约为38,tanδ约为1.6×10–4,αC约为–8.51×10–6/℃。     

Cu2+离子A位取代对MgTiO3陶瓷结构及介电性能的影响

采用固相反应制备了Mg_1-xCu_x TiO₃(0.00≤x≤0.20)微波介电陶瓷,研究CuO烧结助剂对MgTiO₃陶瓷的微观结构和微波介电性能的影响。实验结果表明,CuO中的Cu²⁺离子会进入到MgTiO₃晶格中并取代Mg²⁺,形成Mg_1-xCu_x TiO₃固溶体。由于液相效应,适量的CuO可以促进MgTiO₃陶瓷的致密化烧结,降低其烧结温度。Cu²⁺离子的A位取代会改变样品的TiO₆八面体扭曲度。随着Cu²⁺离子含量的增加,会使MgTiO₃陶瓷的结构稳定性降低。随着CuO含量的增加,晶粒的不均匀生长和液相的出现导致样品的品质因数(Qf)下降。同时,Mg_1-xCu_x TiO₃陶瓷的相对密度、结构...     

超细(Ba,Sr,Cd)TiO3基多层陶瓷电容器陶瓷的研究

采用溶液-溶胶-凝胶法制备(Ba0.70Sr0.25Cd0.05)TiO3纳米粉体,利用所得到的纳米粉体研究了(Ba0.70Sr0.25Cd0.05)TiO3基多层陶瓷电容器用超细陶瓷的制备.对比研究了超细电容器陶瓷和传统固相法电容器陶瓷的性能.采用扫描电镜分析了两种方法得到的陶瓷的显微结构.结果表明:采用纳米粉体制备的(Ba0.70Sr0.25Cd0.05)TiO3基电容器陶瓷具有晶粒尺寸约为1μm,其性能为:介电常数为140 9.44,介质损耗为0.017 5,陶瓷的密度是5.22 g*cm-3,烧结温度为1300 ℃,大大降低了烧结温度,比传统固相法的陶瓷性能有较大的改善.     

一种陶瓷复合吸波材料的表面分形表征及其性能研究

通过RCS(雷达截面)综合测试系统,对实验室自制的陶瓷复合吸波材料的吸波性能与材料表面形貌进行研究,结果表明:(1)陶瓷复合吸波材料表面存在分形的重要特征,所制3块材料的表面灰度分维数分别为2.3602、2.3907、2.6255;(2)实验频率范围内,陶瓷复合吸波材料的相对反射率与发射频率存在显著线性关系;(3)随着发射频率的升高,不同表面形貌的材料的相对反射率的升高速率不同;(4)陶瓷复合吸波材料的相对反射率随发射频率的变化速率(斜率)与材料表面分维数存在极其显著的线性相关性.