一种频域脉冲最小均方误差杂波对消算法

针对“低慢小”探测雷达杂波多普勒主瓣淹没慢速弱目标问题,该文提出了频域脉冲LMS（FPLMS）算法来对消杂波。该算法利用杂波分量在脉间的平稳性,自适应地估计各距离单元杂波的复幅度来重构杂波,实现杂波对消。仿真结果表明：FPLMS算法能够有效对消杂波,消除杂波主瓣对目标检测的影响;且具有很窄的滤波器凹口,约为MTI滤波器的1/3,对速度大于1个速度分辨单元的目标几乎无信噪比损失,适用于“低慢小”探测雷达的杂波对消。     

基于多尺度特征选择性融合的遥感图像检测算法北大核心CSCD

遥感图像的检测在监察自然环境、军事、国土安全等方面具有极其广阔的应用前景,而遥感图像具有背景复杂、目标面积小、特征提取困难等缺点,进行检测时容易产生小目标漏检问题。本文提出一种基于多尺度特征选择性融合的遥感图像检测算法。所提算法采用改进的Resnet50作为主干网络,将Resnet50第一个卷积替换成动态卷积,并将其ConvBlock模块中的卷积替换成金字塔卷积,提高特征提取能力。同时,为了避免遗漏底层信息,在动态卷积层后加入所提有效空间通道注意力机制模块。最后,选取基于上下文信息的不同尺度特征进行融合,提高了模型对目标物体的定位能力。实验结果表明,本文算法在保证速度的同时提高了对遥感图像的检测精度,在遥感图像公开数据集RSOD和NWPUVHR-10上平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)分别达到91.88%和90.23%,检测速度达到33 FPS。     

基于多尺度圆周频率滤波与卷积神经网络的遥感图像飞机目标检测方法研究

针对遥感图像飞机目标检测因目标尺度不一存在漏警、虚警等问题,该文基于遥感图像中飞机目标形状特征和灰度变化特点提出了一种多尺度圆周频率滤波(MSCFF)与卷积神经网络(CNN)相结合的MSCFF+CNN飞机目标自动检测算法.该算法首先采用多尺度圆周频率滤波器滤除遥感图像复杂背景,实现不同尺度飞机目标候选区域提取;然后,通过构建卷积神经网络(CNN)模型实现候选区域有效分类,最终精确确定飞机目标位置.最后,基于获取的真实遥感图像进行目标检测算法实验验证,经统计该算法的飞机目标检测率为94.38%,虚警率为3.76%,实验结果充分验证了该文算法的有效性,该算法可为机场监管、军事侦察等应用提供重要的技术支持.     

基于CSAR图像的目标高度提取方法

圆周合成孔径雷达（Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar,CSAR）可以对目标进行360°全方位观测,获得目标全方位散射信息。通过将CSAR成像数据划分成多个子孔径能够直接获取目标高度信息,本文在原有获取目标高度信息的方法基础上,进行了改进和创新,提出了一种新的提取目标高度信息的方法。本文通过对子孔径图像进行高度向投影,在一定程度上提高了计算精度,同时在子孔径选择时,也考虑了子孔径之间的相关性,有效地提高了算法的精确性。最后首次引入自主测量的L波段实测数据对本文所提算法进行验证,证实了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于无人机影像的电网绝缘子自爆识别

电网因其在电能传输方面的关键性作用,在我国民生项目建设领域一直扮演着至关重要的角色。电网杆塔上的绝缘子一旦发生自爆(也称“缺陷”),绝缘子会自动剥落,输电线路就会产生安全隐患,严重时会降低输电线路的运行寿命,甚至会引发供电中断,发生大范围的停电事故,造成巨大的财产损失。目前,主流的巡检方法为人工巡检,该方法不仅耗时耗力,而且也存在一定主观出错率,已不适用于目前电路巡检的实际情况。本设计采用YOLO V5网络模型,对无人机航拍影像中绝缘子串及绝缘子自爆进行自动识别。首先通过平移、翻转、裁剪等,对航拍绝缘子影像数据集进行数据增广,并对增广后的数据集在LabelImg中进行标注,然后利用YOLO V5网络模型对绝缘子串及绝缘子自爆进行识别,最后采用PyQt5框架在PyCharm中设计了绝缘子自爆识别的系统界面,对模型进行调用,实现了绝缘子串及绝缘子自爆识别。本设计采用从网络上下载、国家电网提供、数据增广所得到的500张无人机航拍影像作为数据集,对所得数据集进行人工标注,再使用YOLO V5网络模型进行训练和测试,结果表明YOLO V5网络模型对绝缘子串具有较高的识别精度,最高识别精度为90.2%,对绝缘子自爆的最高检测精度为80.8%。这说明了YOLO V5网络模型在绝缘子串识别方面有较好的表现,但是由于训练集中绝缘子自爆的样本影像数量有限,所以该网络模型对绝缘子的自爆识别存在一定局限性,本实验能够部分代替人力实现电网绝缘子智能巡检,提高了检测效率。     

黑腔靶X光转换,输运的定量测量

为了测量黑腔靶X光引光效率、转换效率,我们设计了相应的分解靶(泄漏靶)实验,1989～1992年在″神光″装置上共进行了四次漏靶分解实验,利用灵敏度作了绝对标定的平响应X光二极管对漏靶注入孔、引光孔流出的X光角分布进行了测量,测出了x光角分布,得到了黑腔靶X光转换效率为50％～60％,引光效率约6％,为以后辐射驱动内爆研究的理论计算和靶的优化设计提供了重要的数据。     

CePO_4/Ce-ZrO_2可加工陶瓷性能与断裂机制研究

以Ce ZrO2为基体,通过复合不同加入量的第二相CePO4颗粒,研究了陶瓷材料力学性能的变化,并借助加载能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料弯曲断口及压痕裂纹扩展方式进行分析。当CePO4加入量为25%时,虽然材料力学性能有一定下降,但已经能用WC刀具进行加工。材料的弯曲断口显示,CePO4在两相体系中的断裂呈层片状形式;加入CePO4后,由于两相之间弱结合界面的存在,压痕裂纹扩展形式发生明显变化,由连续扩展机制过渡为不连续扩展。由这两种机制形成的材料断裂过程是阶段性的,在实际中可以用作材料最终破坏前的预报。     

Microwave assisted low temperature synthesis of sodium zirconium phosphate (NaZr<Subscript>2</Subscript>P<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript>)

Sodium zirconium phosphate [NaZr₂P₃O₁₂], a potential ceramic matrix for fixation of high level nuclear waste, was synthesized by heating the mixture of sodium carbonate [Na₂CO₃], zirconyl nitrate hydrate [ZrO(NO₃)₂·5H₂O] and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate [NH₄H₂PO₄] in air, in a resistance heated furnace and a microwave heating system respectively in the temperature range 450 to 650°C. The mixture heated for 1 h in a resistance furnace at 450°C yielded a poorly crystalline NaZr₂P₃O₁₂ [NZP]. Increasing the temperature to 650°C produced a highly crystalline product. The same mixture heated in a microwave oven at 450°C for 1 h however, yielded the most crystalline NZP.In an alternate method, the mixture of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate [(NH₄)₂HPO₄] heated in resistance furnace at 650°C for the same period did not react in air. It also did not yield the pure product at 450°C when heated in microwave assembly for 1 h.The authors thank the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) for the financial support for this work under the project No. 2000/37/19/BRNS/1959 dtd09-02-02.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nanotitanium Dioxide Coating Film Doped with Fe^3＋ Ions on Porous Ceramic

The nanotitanium dioxide （TiO2） photocatalytic and porous ceramic filtering technique is one of the advanced methods to effectively treat organic wastewater. The TiO2 sol doped with Fe^3＋ ions was prepared by sol-gel processing. The influences of the process conditions of coating nanophotocatalytic material- Fe^3＋-TiO2 film on the surface of porous ceramic filter by dipping-lift method on the performance of porous ceramic filter were studied. The porous ceramic filters have two functions at the same time, filtration and photocatalytic degradation. The results of this study showed that the pH and viscosity of the sol, amount of Fe^3＋ ions doped as well as the coating times greatly affect the quality of coating film, the performance parameters and the photocatalytic activity of the porous ceramic filter. When the pH of the sol is 3-4, the viscosity is about 6 mPa.S, the amount of doped Fe^3＋ ions is about 2.0 g/L, the porous ceramic filter has been shown to have the best filtering performance and photocatalytic activity. In this condition, the porosity of porous ceramic is about 42.5%, the pore diameter is 8-10μm. The degradation of methyl-orange is 74.76% under lighting for 120 rain.     

Modification of carbon ceramic electrode prepared with sol-gel technique by a thin film of chlorogenic acid: application to amperometric detection of NADH

The carbon ceramic electrode prepared with sol-gel technique is modified by a thin film of chlorogenic acid (CGA). By immersing the carbon ceramic electrode in aqueous solution of chlorogenic acid at less than 2 s a thin film of chlorogenic acid adsorbed strongly and irreversibly on the surface of electrode. The cyclic voltammetry of the resulting modified CCE prepared at optimum conditions shows a well-defined stable reversible redox couple due to hydroquinone/quinone system in both acidic and basic solutions. The modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward NADH oxidation and it also showed a high analytical performance for amperometric detection of NADH. The catalytic rate constant of the modified carbon ceramic electrode for the oxidation of NADH is determined by cyclic voltammetry measurement. Under the optimised conditions the calibration curve is linear in the concentration range 1-120 μm. The detection limit (S/N = 3) and sensitivity are 0.2 μM and 25 nA μM⁻¹.The results of six successive measurement-regeneration cycles show relative standard deviations of 2.5% for electrolyte solution containing 1 mM NADH, indicating that the electrode renewal gives a good reproducible and antifouling surface. The advantages of this amperometric detector are: high sensitivity, excellent catalytic activity, short response time t < 2 s, remarkable long-term stability, simplicity of preparation at short time and good reproducibility.