Sustained photon pulse revivals from inhomogeneously broadened spin ensembles

A very promising recent trend in applied quantum physics is to combine the advantageous features of different quantum systems into what is called “hybrid quantum technology”. One of the key elements in this new field will have to be a quantum memory enabling to store quanta over extended periods of time. Systems that may fulfill the demands of such applications are comb‐shaped spin ensembles coupled to a cavity. Due to the decoherence induced by the inhomogeneous ensemble broadening, the storage time of these quantum memories is, however, still rather limited. Here we demonstrate how to overcome this problem by burning well‐placed holes into the spectral spin density leading to spectacular performance in the multimode regime. Specifically, we show how an initial excitation of the ensemble leads to the emission of more than a hundred well‐separated photon pulses with a decay rate significantly below the fundamental limit of the recently proposed “cavity protection effect”.

     

单模聚焦微波辅助合成1-乙基-3-羧甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体

以1-乙基咪唑为原料,采用discover环形单模聚焦微波合成仪合成了1-乙基-3-羧甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体,对产品结构进行了表征及热性分析,并测定了粘度、密度、表面张力、电化学窗口等物化性能,同时考察了合成离子液体对淀粉的溶解性能.结果表明,单模聚焦微波辐射合成具有速度快、时间短、反应条件温和等优点,产品产率为88.23％,其密度、粘度、表面张力与温度均呈线性关系,且随温度升高而减小.与水溶剂相比,合成的离子液体对可溶性淀粉具有较高的溶解度,为淀粉及其衍生物的均相衍生化反应提供了理论基础.     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定哈氏C-276合金中Cr、Fe、Mo、W元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定哈氏C-276合金中Cr、Fe、Mo、W元素含量的分析方法.采用10 m L HCl-HNO3-HF(体积比为10:1:1)混合酸溶解试样.研究了合金不同溶解方式、元素谱线的选择、背景校正等试验条件,并对仪器分析参数进行了优化,确定了最佳的试验条件,各元素分析谱线依次为Cr2 67.716 nm、Fe 238.204 nm、Mo 202.031 nm、W 209.712 nm,建立的校准曲线各元素相关系数均在0.999 5以上.实际样品分析中,加标回收率为97.8%~102.7%,重复测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.64%(n=6),试验测定结果与镍基标准样品标准值做对照,结果表明方法准确、快速,能够满足日常生产的检测要求.     

微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定空气中碲

建立微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定空气中的碲。采用微孔滤膜收集样品,以硝酸–双氧水混合体系微波消解滤膜,氯化钯为基体改进剂,在优化的仪器工作条件下测定。碲的质量浓度在0~15μg/L范围内与吸光度线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 5,方法检出限为0.14μg/L。样品加标回收率在95.6%~104.0%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.15~1.37%(n=7)。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,适用于空气中微量碲的测定。     

Using Diphenylphosphoryl Azide (DPPA) for the Facile Synthesis of Biodegradable Antiseptic Random Copolypeptides

A facile method has been developed for the large‐scale synthesis of random copolypeptides composed of multiple (i.e., cationic, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic) amino acids and their relative ratios have been optimized for broad‐spectrum antibacterial effect. The copolypeptides obtained have measured compositions close to the design ratios in spite of the differing reactivities of the different amino acids. An optimized random copolypeptide of lysine, leucine, and serine (denoted as KLS‐3) mimicking the composition of LL‐37 host defense peptide gives broad spectrum antibacterial activity against clinically relevant Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 32–64 μg mL⁻¹, as well as good MICs against multidrug resistant Gram‐negative bacteria of Escherichia coli EC 958 (64 μg mL⁻¹) and Klebseilla pneumoniae PTR3 (128 μg mL⁻¹). This method can be applied to the facile large‐scale copolymerization of multiple amino acids, including unnatural amino acids, to make effective antibacterial copolypeptides.

     

Characterization and study of microwave activation effects on the polystyrene tacticity

¹³C Nuclear magnetic resonance proved to be an advantageous tool to determine the stereoregularity of polystyrene polymers. The latter was achieved through the analysis of the signal of the quaternary carbon and that of the carbon-p in the aromatic ring too. Styrene was polymerized through microwaves and conventional heating activation using two different polymerization techniques: emulsion and bulk. Microwave activation was performed in a mono-modal type device under the following experimental conditions: various initiator concentrations, an average irradiation power of 50?W, temperature of 70°C, and using a batch reactor for emulsion and bulk experiments. The results obtained in these experiments were compared with those obtained by conventional heating activation polymerization under the same initiator concentration and temperature conditions. Microwave-activated reactions resulted in shorter reaction times and higher yields. The tacticity of the polymer samples was not significantly altered, which lead to the conclusion that, in this case, the stereoregularity of polystyrene was not influenced by microwave irradiation.     

半导体电极的平带电位

平带电位(E_(fb))是半导体/电解质溶液体系的重要概念,是半导体电极在平带状态时的电极电位,它是半导体电极特有的可以实验测定的物理量。利用Mott-Schottky曲线以及光电化学等方法可以测定平带电位,判断半导体的类型以及估算半导体的载流子浓度,其数值可用于推测半导体的能级结构,确定半导体材料的价带或导带能级位置。这对于与太阳能开发利用相关的半导体光催化和光电化学研究都是非常重要的。本文分析了半导体电极的能带弯曲及影响因素,首次提出半导体界面层内费米能级弯曲,阐明半导体电极平带电位的物理意义及其测定方法,以帮助初学者理解和应用平带电位。     

A Novel BODIPY‐Based Low‐Band‐Gap Small‐Molecule Acceptor for Efficient Non‐fullerene Polymer Solar Cells

We report herein an efficient A¹‐C≡C‐A²‐C≡C‐A¹ type small‐molecule 4,4'‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐ indacene (BODIPY) acceptor (A¹=BODIPY and A²=diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)) by following the A‐to‐A excited electron delocalization via the BODIPY meso ‐position, the inherent directionality for the excited electron delocalization. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) delocalizes across over whole the two flanking A¹ and the central A², and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) localizes dominantly on the ‐C≡C‐DPP‐C≡C‐ segment. The excited electron upon light excitation of the DPP segment delocalizes over both the BODIPY and DPP segments. The acceptor in chloroform shows an unprecedented plateau‐like broad absorption between 550 and 700 nm with a large FWHM value of 195 nm. Upon transition into solid film, the acceptor shows absorption in the whole near ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared wavelength region (300‐830 nm) with a low band gap of 1.5 eV and a maximum absorptivity of 0.85×10⁵ cm^‐1. Introduction of the ethynyl spacer between the A¹ and A² and the close BODIPY‐to‐DPP LUMO energy levels are crucial for the excited π−electron delocalization across over whole the conjugation backbone. A power conversion efficiency of 6.60% was obtained from the ternary non‐fullerene solar cell with PTB7‐Th:p ‐DTS(FBTTh₂)₂ (0.5 : 0.5) as the donor materials, which is the highest value among the non‐fullerene organic solar cells with BODIPY as the electron acceptor material.     

Enantioselective analysis of bambuterol in human plasma using microwave‐assisted chiral derivatization coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

In this study, an enantioselective analytical method based on microwave‐assisted chiral derivatization coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of bambuterol enantiomers in human plasma. The chiral derivatization reaction was greatly accelerated by microwave irradiation. Under the optimized conditions, both the derivatization time and separation time on column was only 3 min, and the lower limit of quantification was 2.5 pg/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 90.1–93.0% without significant matrix effect. Compared with the conventional heating chiral derivatization, microwave‐assisted chiral derivatization obtained higher chiral derivatization yields with much shorter time due to the effect of microwave irradiation. Furthermore, the racemization during the derivatization reaction was systematically investigated. The results showed the concentration of acetic acid and the reaction time had significant effects on the racemization, which could be well controlled during microwave‐assisted chiral derivatization for the short reaction time. Finally, this novel approach was demonstrated by determining bambuterol in human plasma of a clinical pharmacokinetic study in eight healthy volunteers. On the basis of the results, microwave‐assisted chiral derivatization coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry as a simple and effective enantioselective analysis technique for the determination of chiral drugs in complex biological samples showed great promise.     

Determination of triazine herbicides in juice samples by microwave‐assisted ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography

A novel microextraction method, termed microwave‐assisted ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, has been developed for the rapid enrichment and analysis of triazine herbicides in fruit juice samples by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Instead of using hazardous organic solvents, two kinds of ionic liquids, a hydrophobic ionic liquid (1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) and a hydrophilic ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), were used as the extraction solvent and dispersion agent, respectively, in this method. The extraction procedure was induced by the formation of cloudy solution, which was composed of fine drops of 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate dispersed entirely into sample solution with the help of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. In addition, an ion‐pairing agent (NH₄PF₆) was introduced to improve recoveries of the ionic liquid phase. Several experimental parameters that might affect the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linearity for determining the analytes was in the range of 5.00–250.00 μg/L, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9982–0.9997. The practical application of this effective and green method is demonstrated by the successful analysis of triazine herbicides in four juice samples, with satisfactory recoveries (76.7–105.7%) and relative standard deviations (lower than 6.6%). In general, this method is fast, effective, and robust to determine triazine herbicides in juice samples.