低温环境下FBG温度传感特性研究

在低温环境中,光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)材料的热膨胀系数和热光系数会发生改变,从而影响其温度传感特性。文章通过实验研究了裸光纤光栅传感器和黄铜管封装的光纤光栅传感器在低温下的温度传感特性。结果表明,在80~300 K温度范围,裸FBG温度传感器的灵敏度为6.43 pm/K,线性度为0.974,在80~230 K温度范围,温度与光纤光栅的中心波长呈现非线性关系;黄铜管封装的FBG温度传感器,在整个温度范围内灵敏度可达26 pm/K,线性度为0.996,较裸FBG温度传感器均有较大提升。对比实验表明,对光纤光栅进行封装,可以提高其温度灵敏度和线性度,改善温度传感特性。     

Nanoindentation and the indentation size effect: Kinetics of deformation and strain gradient plasticity

A study of the indentation size effect (ISE) in aluminum and alpha brass is presented. The study employs rate effects to examine the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the ISE. These rate effects are characterized in terms of the rate sensitivity of the hardness, , where H is the hardness and is an effective strain rate in the plastic volume beneath the indenter. can be measured using indentation creep, load relaxation, or rate change experiments. The activation volume V∗, calculated based on which can traditionally be used to compare rate sensitivity data from a hardness test to conventional uniaxial testing, is calculated. Using materials with different stacking fault energy and specimens with different levels of work hardening, we demonstrate how increasing the dislocation density affects V∗; these effects may be taken as a kinetic signature of dislocation strengthening mechanisms. We noticed both H and exhibit an ISE. The course of V∗ vs. H as a result of the ISE is consistent with the course of testing specimens with different level of work hardening. This result was observed in both materials. This suggests that a dislocation mechanism is responsible for the ISE. When the results are fitted to a strain gradient plasticity model, the data at deep indents (microhardness and large nanoindentation) exhibit a straight-line behavior closely identical to literature data. However, for shallow indents (nanoindentation data), the slope of the line severely changes, decreasing by a factor of 10, resulting in a “bilinear behavior”.     

黄铜选择性溶解固相扩散机理的研究

采用恒电位暂态和旋转盘环电极等方法研究了α、α＋β以及β黄铜在硫酸钠、硫酸以及氯化钠的稀溶液中的阳极溶解过程．结果表明，在黄铜阳极溶解的初始阶段测得的ｉ－ｔ曲线遵循抛物线定律，求得ｉ－ｔ为一通过坐标原点的直线，证明了黄铜中锌的选择性溶解受固相扩散控制，计算出在上述溶液中黄铜中锌的扩散系数值在１０－１５～１０－１３ｃｍ２·ｓ－１数量级，介质成分和微量合金元素砷对扩散系数值有明显的影响．     

微小尺度下自然对流换热特性实验研究

采用直接电加热法对平均为101 μm、403μm及801μm的铜丝进行加热,使用高精度电阻仪测量电加热前及电加热后的铜丝的电阻值,根据温度与金属电阻之间的关系能够相当精确的测量整个铜丝电加热后的平均温度值。电加热时的电压及电流也同时被测量。实验结果表明,在自然对流条件下,实验得到的努谢尔特数与经典的准则关联式得到的努谢尔特数随着外径的减小,其偏差越来越大,最大偏差超过50％。     

用迈克耳逊干涉仪测量金属线胀系数

本文给出测量金属线胀系数的一种新方法，借助迈克耳逊干涉仪可以精密测量长度变化这一条件，对黄铜的线胀系数进行了测量。     

基于紫铜填充中间层的黄铜激光焊接气孔控制

采用中间过渡层的新方法研究了黄铜焊接气孔的控制,对比分析了以紫铜为中间层的黄铜激光焊接和常规激光焊接获得的焊缝的气孔率,结果表明:在中间层条件下,焊缝表面和内部的气孔率均大幅降低;随着焊接速率增大,气孔率逐渐减小,当焊接速率为2.2 mm/s时,气孔率几乎为零;当焊接参数相同时,中间层条件下的焊缝气孔率仅为常规激光焊接的1/3,焊接接头的力学性能优于常规激光焊接。在焊缝成形良好的前提下,验证了采用紫铜为中间层的焊接方法控制黄铜激光焊接气孔缺陷的有效性。     

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Study of Self‐assembled Monolayer of Phytic Acid on Brass

Phytic acid is an environment-friendly reagent for processing metals. The anticorrosion and inhibiting mechanism for phytic acid monolayers self-assembled on a brass (HSn70-1) electrode has been investigated by using electrochemical and photocurrent response methods. The electrochemical measurements indicate that phytic acid is liable to form surface complexes on the brass electrode, and the self-assembled monolayers (SAM) change the structure of the electric double-layer and shift the potential of zero charge positively. The photochemical measurement indicates that the brass electrode shows a p-type photoresponse owing to the formation of a Cu2O layer on its surface, and the presence of SAM weakens significantly the photoresponse, suggesting an excellent effect on anticorrosion, which is consistent with the EIS and polarization curve measurements. Adsorption of phytic acid was found to be typical of chemisorption, which can be reasonably described on the basis of the Langmuir isotherm.     

雷达馈线零部件低温钎焊工艺优化研究

针对铜合金馈线波导器件工艺过程中出现的电镀发黑、镀层不牢等难题,进行了大量工艺试验及低温钎焊工艺的优化研究。结果表明,镀层发黑的主要原因为焊缝结合率不高、致密性不够,电镀过程中的清洗液残留所导致。通过试验,得到了优化的馈线零部件低温钎焊工艺,并对焊接结构进行了改进,使钎焊质量能够满足产品的尺寸精度、电镀要求。     

大学物理综合性实验的创新尝试——金属电阻率的精确测量

设计出了大学物理综合性实验——测量金属的电阻率。该实验用直流双臂电桥测细铜丝的电阻,用光学中的等厚干涉原理测量细铜丝的微小直径,根据电阻定律计算铜的电阻率,是光学、电学的综合实验。测量结果与常用电工手册上铜电阻率值的相对误差小于1.1%。通过实验,能够加强学生对光学、电学以及基本测量知识的综合运用能力,巩固理论知识,提高实验技能。