Exploring Microstructures and Interphase Properties of Surface- Grafted Diblock Copolymers in a Homopolymer Melt by Self-Consistent Field Theory Simulations

Polymeric self-consistent field theory is used to investigate microstructures and interphase properties of diblock copolymers grafted onto solid surfaces in a homopolymer melt. The calculations show that the grafted diblock copolymers can self-assemble into hemispherical microstructures at low grafting densities of the diblock copolymers. The morphology transforms into hemicylinder-like and sandwich-like lamellar microstructures with an increase in the chain-grafting density. The effective thickness of the grafted block layer and the interphase width between the homopolymer melt and the grafted copolymers strongly depend on the physicochemical parameters of the system, such as the composition of the grafted copolymer, the chemical incompatibility between the different components, the length ratio of grafted copolymer to homopolymer, and the grafting density of the diblock copolymers. In addition, the above computational results of microphase-separated structures and interphase properties are qualitatively compared with our previous experimental observations. The comparison indicates that our theoretical results not only reproduce the general feature of the experimental observations, but also elucidate the internal structural information and complement the findings in the region of high grafting densities of diblock copolymers.     

Percolation Thresholds in Ternary Polymer Melt Blends with Separate Dispersions of the Inner Phases: Mathematical Model

A mathematical model based on a straightforward geometrical background is developed which enables predictions of a transition of one dispersed phase to a cocontinuous one (i.e., the percolation threshold) on addition of another dispersed phase during melt mixing in ternary polymer blends. The present work concerns only ternary blends with two separate dispersions of the inner phases in which no encapsulation takes place. In addition, in order to simplify the model, one of the inner phases was represented by hard, nondeformable microspheres The expression developed describes well an experimental relationship between the percolation threshold, the concentration above which the former dispersed phase transforms to a continuous one, and concentrations of both inner phases. The results agree well with the experimental data obtained in a previous work.     

Phase Diagrams of Semicrystalline Polymer–Crystalline Substances: Polyolefins–1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene

The full phase diagrams of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) mixtures with 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), including the solubility curve of TeCB in a solid polymer, were constructed by an optical method. The diagrams contain a eutectic point that corresponds to the situation when the crystallization of TeCB out of its solution in a polyolefin is accompanied by the crystallization of monomer units of the macromolecules. As a result, the polymer acquires a gel structure with crystallites as crosslinks and amorphous regions saturated with TeCB. It is demonstrated that the eutectic point position on the phase diagram can be used for ranking polymers with respect to their thermodynamic affinity to a solvent. For the studied systems, the affinity to TeCB was decreased in the order i-PP, HDPE, and LDPE. Direct experimental evidence was obtained that TeCB crystals can be dissolved in a solid polymer via a vapor phase mechanism, which leads to the polymer amorphization.     

薄膜铝空气电池阴极复合催化剂性能研究

采用棒状alpha-MnO2作为阴极主催化剂,并掺杂La2O3和CeO2制成复合型催化剂,使用1 mm厚碱性凝胶聚合物电解质膜,组装成薄膜聚合物电解质铝空气电池。在0.5×10–3 A·cm–2电流密度下恒流放电考察不同阴极催化剂的性能,Mn-La和Mn-Ce型电化学性能均低于Mn-La-Ce型催化剂。随后的实验中,分别测试了薄膜铝空气电池在0.8×10–3和1.1×10–3 A·cm–2电流密度下的放电性能,并在1.1×10–3 A·cm–2电流密度下得到其容量密度为8.91×10–3 Ah·cm–2,能量密度为11.46×10–3 Wh·cm–2,以及功率密度为1.42×10–3 W·cm–2。     

纳米钛粉改性环氧底漆对GFEP飞机电磁屏蔽性能的影响

航空电子设备的发展和地面电磁波源的迅速增多对玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(GFEP)机身结构飞机的运行安全构成了威胁,亟需提升此类机身结构的电磁屏蔽性能。介绍了电磁屏蔽效能的计算方法,提出了在GFEP飞机机身涂覆纳米钛粉改性环氧底漆的应对方案。制备了纳米钛粉质量分数为1.0%的改性环氧底漆,研究了改性底漆对GFEP飞机机身典型结构样品电磁屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明:在300 kHz~1.5 GHz的测试范围内,涂覆改性底漆的测试样品的电磁屏蔽效能良好,达到9.5~29.7 dB。