中药微量元素研究中若干热点课题

评进了当前中药徽量元素研究中的若干热点课题；1．微量元素与中药品种、产地的关系；2．微量元素与中药性味、归经，功效的关系；3．中药微量元素的存在状态；4．中药内有机成分与微量元素的相互关系；5．微量元素对中西药配伍的影响；6．微量元素的毒副作用．共引用文献29篇．     

多组分光谱相关色谱及其在中药色谱指纺图谱分析中的应用

基于正交投影理论和相关色谱方法提出多组分光色谱方法提出多组分光谱相关 色谱。为克服联用色谱仪器的不等性噪声影响，采用目标组分投影前后的光谱夹角 余弦判据，判断不同的中药色谱指纹图谱的相关组分色谱峰簇。该方法为中药指纹 图谱的数据处理、合理评价以及中药谱效学的基本理论研究提供一种实用的工具。     

2,3-二取代-4-(IH-l,2,4-三唑-l-基)-5-苯基氢基噻吩的合成及生物活性研究

合成了九个以噻吩为母体环的含三唑环的化合物——2，3-二取代-4-(1H-1， 2，4．三唑-1-基)-5-苯基氨基噻吩(2a-2i)，并测定了2a的晶体结构．晶体为三斜 晶系，P-1空间群，晶胞参数为：a=0．79816(15)nm，b=1．00259(13)nm，c=1． 4478(4)nm，a=100．326(16)°，β=94．69(2)°，r=106．083(9)°，V=1．0845 (4)nm～3，z=2，D_c=1．396 g／cm～3．初步生物活性表明所有目标化合物杀菌活 性较低，有一定的植物生长调节活性．     

Fermentation characteristics and the dynamic trend of chemical components during fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata

As a representative of traditionally fermented Chinese medicine, Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) shows the functions of invigorating the spleen and stomach and promoting digestion, which plays an important role in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The fermentation mechanism and the key factors that affect the quality of MMF have not been revealed yet, which has become an urgent issue that limits its clinical application. This article aims to systematically and comprehensively reveal the transformation of physical properties and the dynamic trend of chemical components including substrate components, volatile components, and lactic acid as anaerobic fermentation product during MMF fermentation. Along with obvious hyphae growth observed for MMF, the weight of MMF decreased, and the moisture and temperature increased. Through the quantified 14 components from substrate, ferulic acid increased from 45.53 ± 6.94 to 141.89 ± 78.40 μg/g, while glycosides and phenolic acids declined except caffeic acid. Also, within the 66 volatile components analyzed, alcohols and acids increased, while aldehydes and ketones decreased. Lactic acid was not detected in the fermentation substrate, but an apparent increase in lactic acid content was observed along with the increased fermentation days, resulting in 2.54 ± 0.15 mg/g on day 8. Based on the tested components, the fermentation process of MMF was discriminated into three distinct stages by principal component analysis, and an optimal fermentation time of four days was proposed. The results of this study will be of great significance to clarify the characteristics of fermentation and conduce to improving quality standards of MMF.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ethyl 5-Amino-1-[（5′-methyl-1′- t-butyl-4′-pyrazolyl）carbonyl]-3-methylthio-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate

1INTRODUCTIONPolarizedketenedithioacetalshavebeenex-tensivelyusedasbuildingblocksinorganicsyn-thesis,especiallyinthesynthesisofheterocycliccompounds[1～6].Pyrazoleanditsderivativesrepre-sentoneofthemostactiveclassesofcompoundspossessingwidespectraofbiologicalactivities.Overthepastfewyears,considerableevidenceshavebeenaccumulatedtodemonstratetheefficacyofpyrazolederivatives,suchasantibacterial[7],fun-gicidal[8],herbicidal[9],insecticidal[10]andotherbiologicalactivities[11,12].Uptonow,alarg…     

气候对安徽中药材产业经济影响分析——基于经济气候模型

通过考虑气候和经济社会因素,将气候因素与函数综合考虑并进行分析,构建“经济气候”模型,分析并得出气候因素对安徽省中药材产业影响程度,利用所构建BP神经网络模型,分析数据,对气象因素对中药材产业的影响结果进行预测。通过分析安徽省气候变化的特点与方向,确定气候因素对中药材产业的影响程度,为中药材产业发展提供一定的数据分析支撑,为有针对性的管理中药材产业提供方法与数据基础,同时对降低严重气象灾害对中药材生产带来的负面作用具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

Thermodynamics of natural selection

It is shown that biological-natural-selection-like behavior can occur, as a general type of time evolution, in a statistical system where detailed balance is violated owing to the presence of metastable energy states. A model of a non-equilibrium phase transition corresponding to the spontaneous origin of self-reproduction in the system is suggested. After a phase transition, the system passes from one quasistationary distribution of self-reproducing subsystems to another, with an increase in the total organization, as long as the growth of the energy flow through the system or a reduction of energy dissipation in the system is possible. The entropy production is calculated for this process in terms of selective values of Eigen's theory for self-organization in autocatalytic systems. Correspondence of the extremal principle of Eigen's theory with the criterion of evolution in Prigogine's thermodynamics is established.     

Isolation of new quinidine metabolites and simultaneous determination of quinidine and its metabolites in blood and urine by direct injection HPLC analysis

Summary New quinidine metabolites, including 10,11-dihydrodiol quinidine N-oxide, 10,11-dihydrodiol quinidine and their glucuronides, were found in human urine. A quinidine monitoring HPLC method including these metabolites, is proposed by the direct injection of body fluid samples onto the precolumn for deproteinization followed by reverse phase separation in the analytical column with a column switching technique. The recovery of spiked quinidine and its metabolites in plasma was quantitative (98–102%) with good reproducibility (C.V.: 1.6–4.0%). Several clinical samples such as whole blood and urine were analyzed by the present method.     

药用缓释辅料——羟丙基甲基纤维素的合成及其缓释性能的研究

本文研究了药物缓释材料HPMC的合成方法,探讨了碱纤维素制备,醚化剂浓度,混合醚化剂配经以及产品后处理对高粘度HPMC的影响。本文还初步对KCl,氨茶碱,硝酸异山梨醇酯等药物采用合成的HPMC作辅料,进行了缓释制剂的研究,结果表明合成的HPMC具有满意的缓释性能。     

氢化物原子荧光法测定中草药中痕量铅

提出了以重铬酸钾为氧化剂、碱性铁氰化钾为络合剂 ,在柠檬酸介质中进行铅的氢化物发生反应。采用断续流动氢化物发生器 ,对原子荧光法测定痕量铅的条件进行了系统研究 ,并考察了共存元素的干扰情况。在最佳测试条件下 ,测得铅的检出限 (3σ)为 0 .19μg·L- 1,相对标准偏差为 0 .92 %。应用于中草药中痕量铅的测定 ,回收率为 95 .1%～ 10 9.5 % ,结果满意