溶胶-凝胶-硫化法制备硅橡胶吸附萃取搅拌棒

采用溶胶-凝胶-硫化法,以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶和乙烯基封端硅橡胶为原料制备了厚壁硅橡胶吸附萃取搅拌棒(stir bar for sorptive extraction,SBSE)。采用分段硫化和多阶程序升温老化防止涂层脱落和龟裂,一次涂渍涂层厚度约150~250μm,280℃下无流失,使用寿命可达150次。利用所制备涂层,结合自制热解析系统(thermal desorption system,TDS),建立了SBSE-TDS-CGC-FID测定水样中6种多环芳烃(polyaromatichydrocarbons,PAHs)的方法。方法的线性范围为0.3~1000μg/L,检出限为0.002~0.011μg/L,相对标准偏差在0.92%~6.14%之间。该方法能够满足欧盟2005/69/EC指令对多环芳烃低于10 mg/kg的检测要求。     

VICON程序模拟氧碘化学激光器3维喷管流场的可行性探讨

 用VICON程序对化学氧碘激光器(COIL)喷管冷流场进行了3维模拟,得出的计算区几何较准确地反映了模拟装置的几何变化。主气流方向和副气流方向的分点数反映出了此2维平面内的气动特性,对不同流量的模拟结果对比分析得出穿透过度与穿透不够一样,致使主副气流混合不好。对带化学反应的情况进行了模拟,显现出副气流从喷孔出来后穿进主气流的马蹄形结构的变化过程,这些说明VICON程序可用来模拟研究COIL喷管流场特性。     

伪随机编码超宽带短脉冲的探测能力研究

 为进行弱信号检测,研究在脉冲雷达中获得大信号时间宽度与信号带宽积的方法,利用伪随机编码方法调制超宽带短脉冲,可以在保持子脉冲信号带宽的情况下,以低功率发射长脉冲串类噪声信号,而提高信号的能量,提高探测距离。通过仿真实验得出,利用伪随机编码技术可以使超宽带信号具有更强的探测能力,可以在回波信号功率水平远远小于噪声水平（如信噪比5%）的情况下实现对探测目标的高保真成像。     

Elicitor-Induced VOC Emission by Grapevine Leaves: Characterisation in the Vineyard

The present study is aimed at determining whether leaf volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are good markers of the grapevine response to defence elicitors in the field. It was carried out in two distinct French vineyards (Burgundy and Bordeaux) over 3 years. The commercial elicitor Bastid^® (Syngenta, Saint-Sauveur, France) (COS-OGA) was first used to optimise the VOCs’ capture in the field; by bagging stems together with a stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) sensor. Three elicitors (Bastid^®, copper sulphate and methyl jasmonate) were assessed at three phenological stages of the grapevines by monitoring stilbene phytoalexins and VOCs. Stilbene production was low and variable between treatments and phenological stages. VOCs—particularly terpenes—were induced by all elicitors. However, the response profiles depended on the type of elicitor, the phenological stage and the vineyard, and no sole common VOC was found. The levels of VOC emissions discriminated between weak (Bastid^® and copper sulphate) and strong (methyl jasmonate) inducers. Ocimene isomers were constitutively present in the overall blends of the vineyards and increased by the elicitors’ treatments, whilst other VOCs were newly released throughout the growing seasons. Nonetheless, the plant development and climate factors undoubtedly influenced the release and profiles of the leaf VOCs.     

应变率对含裂隙红砂岩裂纹扩展模式及破碎特征的影响

以含不同倾角预制裂纹的长方形板状红砂岩为研究对象,采用分离式霍普金森压杆沿试样宽度方向施加冲击荷载,使用高速摄像机记录裂纹扩展过程,获得试样的裂纹路径特征以及动态压缩强度和动态弹性模量,利用筛分统计法分析试样碎块分布特征,结合分形理论定量描述试样破碎程度及特点,探讨中应变率条件下含裂隙试样裂纹扩展模式与动态力学性质和破碎程度的相互关系。研究结果表明,应变率较高时试样会更多地出现远场裂纹和离层裂纹,并且相比相关低应变率实验结果,中应变率范围内试样破坏模式及裂纹分布情况随应变率的变化规律是不同的。随着应变率的提高,试样大体上从1条拉伸裂纹的临界破坏演变成X形剪切裂纹为主的复杂裂隙网络,并且不同角度预制裂隙对于这种裂纹扩展模式的演变有重要影响。在预制裂纹倾角一定的情况下,岩样动态压缩强度和动态弹性模量表现出明显的应变率效应,不同角度预制裂纹对于试样的应变率敏感性有显著影响。随裂纹倾角的增大,试样的动态强度、动态弹性模量和分形维数表现出的变化趋势具有一定的相似性,大体呈现先减小后增大的趋势,裂纹倾角为45°的试样的动态压缩强度、动态弹性模量和分形维数均为最小。随应变率的升高,不同预制裂纹倾角的试样碎块分布更加分散,应变率越高,预制裂纹倾角对于岩石冲击破碎程度、分形维数的影响越显著。

     

Implementation of Fault-Tolerant Encoding Circuit Based on Stabilizer Implementation and “Flag” Bits in Steane Code

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an effective way to overcome quantum noise and de-coherence, meanwhile the fault tolerance of the encoding circuit, syndrome measurement circuit, and logical gate realization circuit must be ensured so as to achieve reliable quantum computing. Steane code is one of the most famous codes, proposed in 1996, however, the classical encoding circuit based on stabilizer implementation is not fault-tolerant. In this paper, we propose a method to design a fault-tolerant encoding circuit for Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code based on stabilizer implementation and “flag” bits. We use the Steane code as an example to depict in detail the fault-tolerant encoding circuit design process including the logical operation implementation, the stabilizer implementation, and the “flag” qubits design. The simulation results show that assuming only one quantum gate will be wrong with a certain probability p, the classical encoding circuit will have logic errors proportional to p; our proposed circuit is fault-tolerant as with the help of the “flag” bits, all types of errors in the encoding process can be accurately and uniquely determined, the errors can be fixed. If all the gates will be wrong with a certain probability p, which is the actual situation, the proposed encoding circuit will also be wrong with a certain probability, but its error rate has been reduced greatly from p to p2 compared with the original circuit. This encoding circuit design process can be extended to other CSS codes to improve the correctness of the encoding circuit.     

TiNi合金圆薄板的横向冲击特性实验

利用改装的霍普金森压杆装置对周边固支伪弹性TiNi合金圆薄板进行了冲击实验,初步得到了该结构在时空2个尺度上的动态力学响应的演变发展现象和规律,包括板中弯曲波的传播、相变区的演化和全场的离面位移等,并和A3钢做了对比。结果表明,由于圆板的二维扩散效应,冲击过程中仅在TiNi板中心很小区域(约5 mm)内形成相变区和相变铰,卸载后相变铰消失,钢试件则留下明显的残余变形。TiNi合金圆板的冲击特性受热弹性马氏体相变和逆相变的支配,不同于传统的弹塑性机制。

     

高温下轻质泡沫铝动态力学性能实验

对传统的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置加以改进,设计了一种长杆直接撞击Hopkinson杆的实验方案,检测出低波阻抗材料在高温动态加载下的应力均匀性。对轻质泡沫铝材料的实验表明,在同一撞击速度下,温度越高,试件两端的应力均匀性越差,增加温度与提高撞击速度均会导致泡沫铝材料冲击端与支撑端的应力不均匀性。根据高温下应力均匀性的实验结果,确定高温下试件均匀变形对应的冲击速度,再通过传统的分离式Hopkinson压杆实验得出泡沫铝在高温动态下的力学性能。

     

空心微珠/Al复合材料的动态压缩力学性能和吸能特性

利用分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB）系统对空心微珠体积分数为0.4的空心微珠/1199Al复合泡沫在1 700~2 900s^-1应变率范围内的动态压缩力学性能、吸能性能进行了研究,还利用SEM扫描电镜对压缩试件断口进行微观组织分析,与准静态条件下材料的压缩力学性能及压缩变形机制进行了对比。结果表明,空心微珠/1199Al复合泡沫是一种应变率敏感材料,与准静态结果相比,在高应变率下复合材料的流动应力和塑性应变有明显的增大,应变率硬化效应对复合材料的流动应力的影响明显大于应变硬化的影响。复合材料的准静态和动态压缩变形机制存在一定差异,动态载荷作用下,空心微珠/1199Al复合泡沫内部空心微珠的压缩和基体材料的充填同时发生,组分之间具有良好的协调变形能力。

     

压缩域直扩测控通信信号伪码跟踪方法研究

压缩感知理论已经在测控(TTC)通信相关领域有初步应用尝试,能够有效降低采样率和数据率,但同时其重构算法复杂度偏高、计算资源消耗过大,这与系统的实时性要求之间存在矛盾。论文基于直扩测控(DS TTC)通信信号稀疏性,对传统伪码跟踪环进行改进,提出一种基于随机解调压缩采样的压缩域伪码跟踪环。该环路不再需要进行信号重构处理,能够直接从直扩测控通信信号的压缩采样值中提取伪码(PN)延时相位信息。该文首先深入分析所提出环路模型及其鉴别特性,其次通过研究交叉噪声特性,对跟踪精度进行理论分析。分析和仿真结果表明,所提出环路能够在压缩域实现伪码延时相位跟踪。该环路可以应用在基于压缩感知的直扩、混扩信号处理等相关领域,具有一定工程应用价值。