实时背景噪声补偿的激光雷达能见度仪设计

基于实时背景噪声补偿的方法,设计了一台激光雷达能见度仪。该系统采用了模块化的设计思想,以嵌入式计算机PCM-3370作为系统的控制和数据处理单元,通过门控电路控制系统各模块的工作时序。针对强背景光照条件下信噪比恶化的实际情况,采用了一种新的实时背景噪声补偿与采用阈值分割的移动平均法相结合的方法处理信号,大幅度地提高了信噪比。最后通过数值仿真和外场对比试验,验证了本设计的准确性和有效性。     

复杂背景下基于加权信息熵的目标初始位置修正算法

对于某些目标跟踪算法而言,初始位置的选取是否精确是算法能否有效跟踪的关键点之一。从目标的灰度信息分布特点出发,提出一种基于加权信息熵的初始位置修正算法,首先,在搜索窗口中获取测试样本,然后,计算各个样本的加权信息熵,接着,通过先验信息对样本进行筛选,获得熵值最小区域,从而得到修正后的目标位置。从背景和目标的可区分性上来验证算法的有效性,实验结果表明,对于处在复杂背景下的目标,该算法能正确且可靠稳定地对其位置进行修正。     

基于背景提取和分区修复的DIBR空洞填补方法

针对基于深度图的视点绘制中空洞填补时产生的图像失真问题,提出一种还原空洞区域可靠纹理的空洞填补方法。通过从临近的帧画面中提取有效信息还原真实的背景图像,用于新视点中背景区域的空洞填补。并通过区分前景和背景图像区域,对不同区域的空洞采取不同的填充方法,从而获得较为可靠和真实的填补效果。从实验结果来看,该方法获得的PSNR数据优于其他算法,并且与真实视点比较的结构相似度达到99.1%,比传统方法提高10%以上。     

Advances in Optical Single‐Molecule Detection: En Route to Supersensitive Bioaffinity Assays

The ability to detect low concentrations of analytes and in particular low‐abundance biomarkers is of fundamental importance, e.g., for early‐stage disease diagnosis. The prospect of reaching the ultimate limit of detection has driven the development of single‐molecule bioaffinity assays. While many review articles have highlighted the potentials of single‐molecule technologies for analytical and diagnostic applications, these technologies are not as widespread in real‐world applications as one should expect. This Review provides a theoretical background on single‐molecule—or better digital—assays to critically assess their potential compared to traditional analog assays. Selected examples from the literature include bioaffinity assays for the detection of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses. The structure of the Review highlights the versatility of optical single‐molecule labeling techniques, including enzymatic amplification, molecular labels, and innovative nanomaterials.     

光电效应实验分析

分析了光电效应实验中用反向遏止电压法测量普朗克常量的实验原理，讨论了可能影响实验精度的几种电流。     

一种便携型彩色液晶电视的设计与制作

在分析研究液晶电视的调谐器、中频放大电路、音视频解码电路、液晶行列驱动电路、液晶屏和电源等部分的基础上,对其核心部分液晶显示器升压电路、调谐电压电路设计方案进行优化,将视频解码电路进行合理布局和调试,提出了驱动电压转换以及NTSC制改为PAL制的改制方法。用TFT液晶屏作显示器,同时为了与液晶显示器重量轻、耗电少的优势相配合,在电源的选择上,抛弃传统的变压器降压方式,采用开关电源供电,降低了功耗,体积和重量大大地减小,研制出一台具有较高收视性能的彩色液晶电视。     

Cosmic microwave background anisotropy constraints on relict neutrinos

I discuss basic theory of effect of the properties of the cosmological relict neutrinos on the observations of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy.     

XPS survey spectra simulation of nano‐structured surfaces

We have developed a software tool for the generation of survey spectra in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (GOSSIP) to simulate wide spectra in the range 200–1500 eV from nano‐structured surfaces. It is based on linear combination of delta layers spectra with the atomic spectra of the elements or compounds of the surface to be simulated. The set of delta layers to reproduce any model is a 200‐file database of thin layers regularly buried up to a depth of 40 nm and has been generated with QUASES^™. The atomic spectra that constitute a second database have themselves been determined with QUASES^™ from experimental spectra of the elements or compounds in pure form. The principle of GOSSIP is described. Then the generation process is validated by comparison with experimental data for simple rectangular in‐depth distribution of elements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two-loop calculations of the matrix σ-model effective action in the background field formalism

We consider the matrix σ-model in the background field formalism. In the two-loop approximation, we demonstrate the equality of “running coupling constants” in the momentum cutoff regularization and in the dimensional regularization by direct calculation. We verify that the β-function coincides with the previously obtained data. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 154, No. 2, pp. 354–362, February, 2008.     

LIGHT SCATTERING AND INFRARED RADIATION OF SPATIAL OBJECTS

In this paper, the characteristic of light scattering and infrared radiation of spatial objects are discussed. The spectral distribution of solar, sky and earth background radiation is given. Based on theories of heat transfer, background radiation and the law of energy conservation, the thermal balance equation for spatial objects can be obtained. With the equation solved and thermal meshwork method, the variation of the thermal equilibrium temperature and radiation power with height is discussed under the conditions of different time zone and altitude.