无云地球大气背景辐射光谱亮度的计算模型

根据辐射的叠加性,提出了一种用于卫星遥感无云地球大气背景辐射强度计算的理论模型。在利用该模型对晴朗无云地球大气背景的光谱辐射亮度进行计算时,使用迭代法解辐射传输方程并对大气采用动态分层。模型计算的结果与法国6S软件计算结果的对比表明：该模型以及计算方法对于无云地球大气背景向上的辐射亮度计算是精确可行的。且计算结果说明在可见光波段地球大气背景的辐射是很强的,而在红外强吸收波段,地-气系统的辐射很弱,主要来自大气的后向散射。     

Systematic distortion in cosmic microwave background maps

To minimize instrumentally the induced systematic errors, cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy experiments measure temperature differences across the sky using pairs of horn antennas, temperature map is recovered from temperature difference obtained in sky survey through a map-making procedure. To inspect and calibrate residual systematic errors in the recovered temperature maps is important as most previous studies of cosmology are based on these maps. By analyzing pixel-ring coupling and latitude dependence of CMB temperatures, we find notable systematic deviation from CMB Gaussianity in released Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) maps. The detected deviation cannot be explained by the best-fit LCDM cosmological model at a confidence level above 99% and cannot be ignored for a precision cosmology study. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10533020), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB-824800), and the Directional Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX2-YW-T03) Contributed by LI TiPei     

Interaction of the vortex and edge dislocation embedded in a cosh-Gaussian beam

The interaction of the vortex and edge dislocation embedded in a cosh-Gaussion (ChG) beam is studied, where the both dislocations are on-axis, off-axis, or one is on-(off-) axis. It is shown that by varying a beam parameter of the ChG background beam or in the free-space propagation, the break-up of the edge dislocation and the motion, creation and annihilation of vortices may take place. In the vortex evolution process the topological charge is not conserved in general. The results are illustrated numerically and compared with the previous work.     

具有分时背景抑制功能的单元电路设计

介绍了一种具有分时背景抑制功能的单元电路,该单元电路适合于大规模2D红外焦平面阵列.在减电流电路设计中,自级联管采用长沟道设计,工作在强反型区,各单元电路的减去电流不易受到工艺偏差的影响,有效地降低了具有分时背景抑制功能的单元电路间的背景抑制非均匀性(BSUN).在背景电流为100 nA,积分时间为2.7 ms,减去电流为3.28 μA,构成自级联管的两个晶体管阈值电压的最大失配均为10 mV时,具有分时背景抑制功能的单元电路间的BSNU为3.310%.     

基于背景因子的红外点目标探测技术

复杂场景下红外弱点目标检测是红外目标识别的关键技术性难题之一。首先从概率论出发分析了背景因子存在的必要性。接着详细地论述了采用模糊集合中的隶属度理论和模式识别中的多分类器融合理论设计背景因子的过程。由于背景因子的引入对强干扰的复杂背景进行自适应地削弱,使得在各种背景下探测概率趋于均匀分布,最终实现了恒虚警率。     

长波红外焦平面读出电路设计分析

针对长波焦平面探测器特点,文章从多个方面分析讨论长波读出电路需要用到的技术和方法,使其能够获得较好的性能。     

采用后台数字校准的12位100MHz流水线模数转换器

This paper presents a 12-bit 100 MS/s CMOS pipelined analog-to-digital converter （ADC） with digital background calibration. A large magnitude calibration signal is injected into the multiplying digital-to-analog converter （MDAC） while the architecture of the MDAC remains unchanged. When sampled at 100 MS/s, it takes only 2.8 s to calibrate the 12-bit prototype ADC and achieves a peak spurious-free dynamic range of 85 dB and a peak signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio of 66 dB with 2 MHz input. Integral nonlinearity is improved from 1.9 to 0.6 least significant bits after calibration. The chip is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process, occupies an active area of 2.3 × 1.6 mm^2, and consumes 205 mW at 1.8 V.     

A gray model for increasing sequences with nonhomogeneous index trends based on fractional‐order accumulation

By comparing the class ratio deviation and restoring error of first‐order accumulation with that of fractional‐order accumulation, a gray model for monotonically increasing sequences can obtain optimal simulation accuracy via selecting a proper cumulative order. In this study, a gray model for increasing sequences with nonhomogeneous index trends based on fractional‐order accumulation is proposed. To reduce the modeling error caused by the background value and to improve the prediction accuracy of the model, an optimized model using the 3/8 Simpson formula is constructed. Finally, the 2 proposed models are used to predict the total energy consumption in China and the monthly sales of new products in an enterprise. Compared with the GM(1,1) model based on fractional‐order accumulation, the proposed model exhibits better simulation and prediction accuracy.     

Localisation of directional scale-discretised wavelets on the sphere

Scale-discretised wavelets yield a directional wavelet framework on the sphere where a signal can be probed not only in scale and position but also in orientation. Furthermore, a signal can be synthesised from its wavelet coefficients exactly, in theory and practice (to machine precision). Scale-discretised wavelets are closely related to spherical needlets (both were developed independently at about the same time) but relax the axisymmetric property of needlets so that directional signal content can be probed. Needlets have been shown to satisfy important quasi-exponential localisation and asymptotic uncorrelation properties. We show that these properties also hold for directional scale-discretised wavelets on the sphere and derive similar localisation and uncorrelation bounds in both the scalar and spin settings. Scale-discretised wavelets can thus be considered as directional needlets.     

视频监控系统中运动目标的阴影消除

本文通过分析阴影的像素特征,建立了一个关于目标帧与背景帧的对比帧来实现阴影监测和消除.为了研究问题方便,本文只考虑视频系统中的摄像头是固定位置的,并且检测目标区域中的较大阴影.利用光流法技术和背景差方法,运动目标能被快速准确的提取出来.同时,背景帧、前景帧及它们的对比帧也被提取出来,而对比帧具有更好的阴影特征.在对比帧上,可以使用静态图像处理技术的一些高效算法,来实时检测阴影区域.本文提出一个对比帧的建立方法,并进一步利用水平集方法来定位阴影区域和消除阴影.通过实验,在选择合适的阈值下,该方法是有效而快速的.