大气湍流对近地无线光通信链路影响的研究

大气湍流是影响大气无线光通信系统性能的主要因素之一,其影响主要表现为光通信系统中接收端接收的光强存在闪烁效应。本文将这种闪烁效应看作是光通信系统传输的乘性噪声,对光通信系统的传输性能进行了仿真和分析并与采用Turbo码编码的系统进行了比较。仿真结果表明,Turbo码是用来抑制大气湍流影响的一种有效的编码方式。     

大气飘尘中多环芳烃的超声波萃取- 恒能量同步荧光法测定

采用超声波萃取大气飘尘样品中的多环芳烃,样品不需纯化,直接可用于同步荧光分析,超声波萃取效率高,萃取时间短;采用恒能量同步荧光法对多环芳烃进行定性定量,相关系数r>0.999 1,检出限(3δ)在0.013~4.4 ng之间,回收率为80%~132%。     

An overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of antibiotics in environmental waters

The widespread occurrence of antibiotics as contaminants in the aquatic environment has increased attention in the last years. The concern over the release of antibiotics into the environment is related primarily to the potential for the development of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms. This article presents an overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of quinolone (Qs) and fluoroquinolone (FQs), macrolide (MLs), tetracycline (TCs), sulfonamide (SAs) antibiotics and trimethoprim (TMP) in different environmental waters. The analysis of these antibiotics has usually been carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and to a lesser extent by ultraviolet (UV) or fluorescence detection (FD). A very important step before LC analysis is sample preparation and extraction leading to elimination of interferences and prevention of matrix effect and preconcentration of target analytes.     

铈和镧对Q345B钢在海洋大气中腐蚀行为的影响

通过周浸实验对普通Q345B钢和含有微量稀土铈(Ce)和镧(La)的Q345 BRE钢在模拟海洋大气腐蚀环境下,进行了耐腐蚀性能比较.利用失重和电化学方法进行两者的腐蚀速率比较,利用SEM和XRD分析了两者腐蚀形貌和锈层的特征.结果表明:加入混合稀土铈和镧的Q345B钢的腐蚀速率小于普通的Q345B钢,且腐蚀形貌也发生...     

大气压光电离技术及其应用研究进展

大气压光电离离子源(APPI)是一种新兴的用于液质联用的软电离离子源,它是利用光化学作用将气相中样品电离的离子化技术,该技术促进了质谱技术对弱极性化合物的分析检测。介绍了液相色谱–质谱/质谱联用技术中大气压光电离的基本原理、应用优点,综述了其在定性、定量分析检测中的应用。     

Determination of various inorganic anions and organic acids in the atmospheric particulate matter using capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection

Capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection was developed for the simultaneous analysis of inorganic anions and organic acids using a mixed solution of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide as the background electrolyte (BGE). The parameters which influence the separation, such as indirect UV detection wavelength, BGE conditions, applied voltage and extraction conditions were investigated. Thirteen inorganic anions and organic acids were detected within 20 min. The calibration curves of each analyte were linear with correlation coefficients greater than 0.991. The relative standard deviations (n = 10) of the peak areas ranged from 0.6% to 3.3%. The detection limits for these species ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 mg/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The recovery rate of each analyte was more than 80% under optimised extraction conditions, except for nitrite. The proposed method was applied towards the analysis of inorganic anions and organic acids in the atmospheric particulate matter using an Andersen sampler. The particle size of the particulate matter was determined, but not the size of the anions.     

大气边界层的一些空气动力学特征

本文在定常和中性温度层结条件下,首先介绍了均匀平坦地面上大气边界层的一些空气动力学特征,并将大气边界层与一般空气动力学边界层作了比较。然后介绍了地面粗糙度分布有阶跃变化以及非平坦地形上的大气边界层特征。文中说明,气流的平均流场结构以及湍流特性与均匀平坦地面的情形相比有显著不同。最后,提出了一些有待今后进一步研究的问题。      

横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质中平面波的传播

基于孔隙介质的Ｂｉｏｔ理论１，研究了横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质中平面波的传播特性。首先导出了波传播的特征方程并给出了其解析解，结果显示：有４种不同波速的平面体波传播；第一准纵波，第二准纵波，准横波和反平面横波。文中给出了波速和衰减的解析表达式，数值计算了频散曲线和衰减曲线，并讨论了各类准体波位移之间的耦合关系。     

The lifetime of an artificial satellite moving in nonuniform rotating atmosphere and instantaneous circle orbit

The lifetime of an artificial satellite moving in the circular orbit under the action ofnonuniform rotating atmospheric drag is studied from an energy point of view in this paper.The angular velocity of atmospheric rotation decreases with height according tohydrodynamics.The atmospheric density decreases with height according to theexponential formula.The expression for the lifetime of a satellite in the instantaneouscircular orbit in the above-mentioned rotating atmospheric model is derived,and thenumerical estimation for the lifetime of a concrete satellite has been made.The result showsclearly that the satellite lifetime calculated by this paper is shorter than that calculated bythe uniform rotating atmospheric model.     

Reflection and refraction of attenuated waves at boundary of elastic solid and porous solid saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids

The propagation of elastic waves is studied in a porous solid saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids.The propagation of three longitudinal waves is represented through three scalar potential functions.The lone transverse wave is presented by a vector potential function.The displacements of particles in different phases of the aggregate are defined in terms of these potential functions.It is shown that there exist three longitudinal waves and one transverse wave.The phenomena of reflection and refraction due to longitudinal and transverse waves at a plane interface between an elastic solid half-space and a porous solid half-space saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids are investigated.For the presence of viscosity in pore-fluids,the waves refracted to the porous medium attenuate in the direction normal to the interface.The ratios of the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted waves to that of the incident wave are calculated as a nonsingular system of linear algebraic equations.These amplitude ratios are used to further calculate the shares of different scattered waves in the energy of the incident wave.The modulus of the amplitude and the energy ratios with the angle of incidence are computed for a particular numerical model.The conservation of the energy across the interface is verified.The effects of variations in non-wet saturation of pores and frequencies on the energy partition are depicted graphically and discussed.