Amberlite XAD-2键合双硫腙螯合树脂现场预富集测定水中痕量铅

以Amberlite XAD-2树脂与双硫腙通过N N基键合的形式合成了一种新型螯合树脂(XAD-H2DZ),采用IR和TGA技术对其特性进行了表征,并将其应用于微柱现场在线采样(MFS)新技术中,实现了环境水样中痕量铅的在线原位预富集和实验室中流动注射-火焰原子吸收(FI-FAAS)系统的联机测定。当采样体积为10和50 mL时,其富集因子分别为78和384倍;检出限(3σ)分别为0.32和0.079μg/L;相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为2.0%和1.9%。对环境水样标准物质(GBW 08608)、海水中微量元素标准物质(GBW(E)080040)和实际样品(大连老虎滩区域海水以及南湖水)中铅进行分析,均获得了满意的结果。     

层状介质上时空展源瞬变电磁响应的计算方法研究

在瞬变电磁法的实际应用中,由于发射回线和发射波形的不规则性而导致其发射源成为时空展源. 展源效应的忽略会造成正反演和数据解释的差错,因此开展展源效应的研究对于瞬变电磁法的实际应用具有重要的意义. 对于空间展源,本文以磁偶极子的响应为基响应,应用有源空间的互易定理和第二类曲线积分,提出了一种可基于发射回线数值坐标求取任意形状发射回线响应的计算方法. 同时对于时间展源,以阶跃波形的响应为基响应,对阶跃响应的特性进行了分析,提出了一种对发射信号进行非均匀采样的高效时间域计算方法,解决了对数采样的基响应与高密度采样的发射波形之间进行常规卷积时所面临的时间与精度之间的矛盾. 通过对层状大地上展源响应的模拟仿真和对比验证显示了本文所提出方法的正确性. 最后本文考察了几种常见时空展源在常规近似前后响应的差别,并给出了相关结论. 关键词： 分层介质 展射电源 互易定理 非均匀采样     

改进有限单元法动力特性方法的探讨

采样定理告诉人们进行离散逼近离散尺寸的极限是问题中所涉及最高频率波长的1/2．1/2波长是一理想值,在目前的有限元分析中,通常保证精度的空间离散尺寸远小于这一理想值．文中分析了这一现象的可能原因,同时给出了一种基于有限元的在一定条件下能够改进空间离散效率的动力模拟方法．     

大气采样辉光放电质谱仪的设计与应用

针对某些弱极性类物质难以通过大气压离子源直接电离的问题,提出基于大气采样辉光放电电离方式实现弱极性物质在大气压下直接进样、电离和质谱分析的方法.通过在大气压接口-四极质谱仪的第一级真空中的离子透镜上施加交流高压产生放电,简化了辉光放电离子源的设计,能直接离子化大气压接口吸人的物质,离子在离子透镜的传输下进入四极杆质量分析器实现质谱分析.实验表明,本方法能电离电喷雾电离离子源和大气压化学电离离子源未能电离的弱极性物质——艾试剂,并且负离子工作模式比正离子工作模式的信号至少强40倍.     

基于灰度相关的红外焦平面图像电子变倍技术

由于原理及技术方面的限制,目前的非制冷红外焦平面器件仅有较低的空间分辨率,大大限制了非制冷红外焦平面器件在军事及国民经济各领域的应用。基于红外热图像灰度相关性分析,从红外焦平面阵列器件微区结构出发,研究了实现红外图像电子变倍的电子微扫描算法,介绍了2×2电子微扫描红外图像电子变倍的算法及其仿真效果,并与双线性插值算法进行了比较。该算法有效地实现了红外焦平面热图像的电子变倍,提高了采样带宽,降低了红外焦平面空间抽样成像引起的频谱折叠混淆效应。     

基于波长移相干涉技术的多表面信息分离

利用波长移相干涉技术对平行平板的前后表面同时进行非接触测量在光学检测领域具有重要意义。阐述一种可实现平行平板前后表面干涉混叠信号解相的时域加权算法:加权36步采样算法。首先基于算法原理与约束条件进行了加权多步采样算法的基础分布参数的设计,进而得到前表面、后表面、厚度变化干涉信号的采样权值。利用该权值进行加权操作即可得到各表面初始相位分布。选用泽尼克多项式进行了多表面干涉解相的仿真,模拟的分离结果与真值的最大误差不超过0.06 nm。此外还分析了多种误差对测量结果的影响。论文对这一厚度为20 mm的平行平板开展了测量,验证了该算法在实际测量过程中的有效性。     

基于PLC的电机基本控制电路设计

主要讲述了PLC的基本知识以及基于PLC技术的电机三相异步正反转控制电路的设计,设计通过改变三相电源相序,实现了电动机的正反转控制,但自动化程序不高,控制中仍存在需要改进的地方。     

Reparameterized and Marginalized Posterior and Predictive Sampling for Complex Bayesian Geostatistical Models

This article proposes a four-pronged approach to efficient Bayesian estimation and prediction for complex Bayesian hierarchical Gaussian models for spatial and spatiotemporal data. The method involves reparameterizing the covariance structure of the model, reformulating the means structure, marginalizing the joint posterior distribution, and applying a simplex-based slice sampling algorithm. The approach permits fusion of point-source data and areal data measured at different resolutions and accommodates nonspatial correlation and variance heterogeneity as well as spatial and/or temporal correlation. The method produces Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers with low autocorrelation in the output, so that fewer iterations are needed for Bayesian inference than would be the case with other sampling algorithms. Supplemental materials are available online.     

Determination of Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb in fly ash samples by ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (USS-ETV-ICP-MS) has been applied to determine Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb in fly ash samples. The influences of instrument operating conditions and slurry preparation on the ion signals were reported. Pd and ascorbic acid were used as the mixed modifiers to enhance the ion signals. This method has been applied to determine Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb in NIST SRM 1633a and 1633b coal fly ash reference materials and a fly ash sample collected locally. Since the sensitivities of the elements studied in slurry solution and aqueous solution were different slightly, analyte addition technique was used for the determination of Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb in these samples. The As and Se analysis results of the reference materials agreed with the certified values. The results for which no certified value was available were also found to be in good agreement between the ETV-ICP-MS results and the reference values. The reference value was obtained by digesting the samples and analyzing the digested sample solutions by pneumatic nebulization Dynamic Reaction Cell™ (DRC) ICP-MS. The method detection limits estimated from analyte addition curves were about 0.23, 0.13, 0.17, 0.25 and 0.11 μg g⁻¹ for Ga, Ge, As, Se and Sb, respectively, in original fly ash samples.     

Determination of As, Cd, Pb and Tl in coal by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using slurry sampling and external calibration against aqueous standards

A method was developed for the determination of As, Cd, Pb and Tl by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) with slurry sample introduction using certified reference coal samples. The ⁷⁵As, ¹¹¹Cd, ²⁰⁸Pb and ²⁰⁵Tl isotopes were monitored, considering the lower probabilities of these isotopes in suffering interferences. The carrier and modifier effect of Ru added in solution was evaluated, demonstrating that sensitivity for all elements is considerably improved by the addition of 15 μg of Ru to each individual measurement. This confirms its ability to act as a physical carrier particularly for the analytes in aqueous solution. Pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures of 500 and 2500 °C, respectively, were selected after optimization for aqueous solutions and for coal slurries. Similarly, the carrier gas flow rate was optimized as 1.1 L min⁻¹. After optimization of the operational parameters, the determination of the four elements in six certified reference coal samples was carried out by external calibration against aqueous standards in 5% v/v HNO₃, resulting in good agreement between the certified or given values and the determined ones. For Tl, due to the absence of certified values, a comparison was established considering previously published data using solid sampling high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Detection limits (μg g⁻¹) of 0.1, 0.004, 0.045 and 0.001 were achieved for As, Cd, Pb and Tl, respectively, and the precision was typically better than 10%.