基于MSP430单片机的电子血压计的设计

针对传统电子血压计的不足,介绍了一种基于超低功耗单片机的全自动血压测量系统的设计方案,测量血压的方法是基于充气过程的示波法。该测量系统采用MSP430系列超低功耗混合信号处理器作为核心处理器,采用幅度系数算法计算出血压值和心率值,可以完成自动测量血压、信息显示、数据存储、查看和删除历史数据等功能。由于采用了MSP430混合信号处理器,简化了电路的设计,提高了系统的可靠性和稳定性。实际应用表明,该系统具有操作简便、测试准确的特点,达到了设计要求     

Measurement of Glucose Concentration in Blood Plasma Based on a Wireless Magnetoelastic Biosensor

Abstract

A wireless magnetoelastic glucose biosensor in blood plasma is described, based on using a mass sensitive magnetoelastic sensor as transducer. The glucose biosensor was fabricated by coating the ribbon‐like, magnetoelastic sensor with a pH sensitive polymer and a biolayer of glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase. The pH response polymer swells or shrinks, thereby changing sensor mass loading, respectively, in response to increase or decrease of pH values. The GOx–catalyzed oxidation of the glucose in blood plasma produces gluconic acid, resulting in the pH sensitive polymer shrinking, which in turn decreases the sensor mass loading. The results show that the proposed magnetoelastic glucose biosensor can be successfully applied to determine the concentration of glucose in blood plasma. At glucose concentration range of 2.5–20.0 mmol/l, the biosensor responses are reversible and linear, with a detection limit of 1.2 mmol/l. Since no physical connections between the sensor and the monitoring instruments are required, this proposed biosensor can potentially be applied to in vivo and in situ measurement of glucose concentration in physiological fluids.     

Novel Bis-Crown-Ether Derivatives For Potassium Sensors

Abstract

A variety of bis-benzo-15-crown-5 derivatives were designed and studied with the aim of developing potassium sensors of biological relevance. the significant advantages of bis-/o-nitrophenyl/urethanes have been explained by the existence of NO²-NH hydrogen bonds proved indirectly. the performance characteristics of the prime ligands based sensors were compiled together with potassium assays in biological matrices.     

Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Remifentanil in Human Whole Blood

A sensitive and reliable method have been developed and validated using solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to determine remifentanil in human blood. Quantification was performed by external standard calibration (r = 0.9991, n = 5). Remifentanil was separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) and analyzed in positive-ion electrospray-ionization (ESI +) mode. The mobile phase was methanol and water with a gradient elution program. The total run time was 4.5 min and injection volume was 5 μL. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.20 ng/mL and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. Remifentanil was eluted at 1.89 min. Recoveries of remifentanil ranged between 91.88%–93.79%. The intra-day and the inter-day precision (RSD) for remifentanil were 2.51%–3.48% and 2.76%–3.78%, respectively. The performance of the method was successfully verified for the determination of remifentanil in human blood.     

Direct Determination of Lead in Whole Blood Using Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Abstract

A carbon rod atomizer was used for sample introduction into a commercial inductively coupled plasma for the determination of lead in whole blood. Samples of known lead concentration were either treated with Triton-X or nitric acid or diluted 1+5 with distilled water and analyzed by comparison against graphs obtained using aqueous solutions and using the standard additions method. Both approaches produced similar results indicating no appreciable matrix influence. The Pb concentration values obtained were in close agreement with those previously determined by ETA-AAS, Delves′ cup-FAAS and anodic stripping voltammetry. Signal integration and careful selection of the measurement period were critical to obtain accurate results. Derived concentrations were shown to be essentially independent of the heating rate of the vaporization unit and the length of tubing used to transport the material into the plasma. Using a 1 μg ml^?1 lead aqueous standard, a signal to background ratio of 5.5 was obtained under optimized conditions. Relative standard deviations of the blank and the analytical signal were 0.2 and 1.8%., respectively. An aqueous solution detection limit of 0.007 μg ml^?1 was calculated for lead.     

基于光电脉搏波描记方法的多生理参数测量研究

基于单个反射式光电探头,在桡动脉位置测量了脉搏波。利用ATmega16单片机进行660nm和940nm的双波长LED发光控制和数据采集与分析。通过对脉搏波极值的读取实现血氧饱和度和心率的测量;其次,利用时间抽取基2快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对获取的桡动脉信号进行傅里叶变换,实现呼吸频率的测量。测量了10名志愿者的生理参数,并对利用本文设计的系统的测量结果和临床方法记录的结果进行数据的相关性分析,得到血氧饱和度、心率和呼吸频率的相关系数分别为r=0.985、r=0.982和r=0.933。通过相关性分析可以看出,可以利用本文系统进行无创、长时间和多参数的测量。     

体外循环下室间隔缺损修补术对小儿血液主要生化指标的影响

目的：分析在体外循环下室间隔缺损修补术过程中小儿血液主要生化指标监测值的变化情况,为临床工作提供参考。方法：回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2010年12月行全身麻醉＋体外循环下室间隔缺损修补术患儿的临床资料,统计体外循环过程中监测值,经SPSS17.0软件进行统计学处理。结果：本组血Na＋无显著变化（P〉0.05）,血K＋在开放升主动脉之后较转机前升高（P〈0.05）,波动幅度均在正常生理范围内。血Ca2＋、Hb和HCT在转机后均下降（P〈0.05）;血Ca2＋开放升主动脉后回升（P〈0.05）,停机后恢复至转机前正常水平（P〉0.05）;Hb和HCT停机后较转机前降低（P〈0.05）。PH在停机后下降（P〈0.05）,波动幅度在正常生理范围内;PCO2、TCO2、HCO3-均在停机后升高（P〈0.05）;Lac和Glu转机至停机后升高（P〈0.05）,Lac波动幅度在正常生理范围内,高Glu指示高血糖。结论：监控血K＋,改善血红蛋白含量和红细胞压积,及时干预血乳酸升高和高血糖,对手术安全顺利进行有重要意义。     

A proteome signature for intrauterine growth restriction derived from multifactorial analysis of mass spectrometry-based cord blood serum profiling

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as a condition in which the fetus does not reach its genetically given growth potential, resulting in low birth weight. IUGR is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, thus contributing substantially to medically indicated preterm birth in order to prevent fetal death. We subjected umbilical cord blood serum samples either belonging to the IUGR group (n = 15) or to the control group (n = 15) to fractionation by affinity chromatography using a bead system with hydrophobic interaction capabilities. So prepared protein mixtures were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric profiling. The six best differentiating ion signals at m/z 8205, m/z 8766, m/z 13 945, m/z 15 129, m/z 15 308, and m/z 16 001 were collectively assigned as IUGR proteome signature. Separation confidence of our IUGR proteome signature reached a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.93. Assignment of ion signals in the mass spectra to specific proteins was substantiated by SDS-PAGE in conjunction with peptide mass fingerprint analysis of cord blood serum proteins. One constituent of this proteome signature, apolipoprotein C-III(0) , a derivative lacking glycosylation, has been found more abundant in the IUGR cord blood serum samples, irrespective of gestational age. Hence, we suggest apolipoprotein C-III(0) as potential key-marker of the here proposed IUGR proteome signature, as it is a very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) member and as such involved in triglyceride metabolism that itself is discussed as being of importance in IUGR pathogenesis. Our results indicate that subtle alterations in protein glycosylation need to be considered for improving our understanding of the pathomechanisms in IUGR.     

LC-ESI-MS/MS determination of paclitaxel on dried blood spots

A simple and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric assay for determination of paclitaxel on rat dried blood spots was developed and validated. The extracted sample was chromatographed without further treatment using a reverse‐phase Oyster ODS3, 4.6 × 50 mm, 3 µm column with mass spectrometry detection. The mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile–water, 60:40 v/v, with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min was used. The calibration was linear over the range 0.2–20 ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.08 and 0.2 ng/mL, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (CV%) and accuracy (relative error %) were less than 10 and 12%, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exploring dried blood spot sampling technique for simultaneous quantification of antiretrovirals: lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine in a rodent pharmacokinetic study

A high‐performance liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine was developed and validated in dried blood spot (DBS) cards. The analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reverse phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the MRM mode using the respective [M + H]⁺ ions, m/z 230–112 for lamivudine, m/z 225–127 for stavudine, m/z 267–226 for nevirapine, m/z 383–337 for zidovudine (IS). The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for both lamivudine and stavudine and 10 ng/mL for nevirapine. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The method was successfully applied to quantify them in a rat pharmacokinetic study in whole blood, plasma and DBS cards after a single oral co‐administration at the dose of 10, 2 and 13 mg/kg for lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine, respectively, to male Wistar rats. Following oral administration the pharmacokinetic results in all the matrices are in close agreement. Thus accomplishment of this method would facilitate the ease of collection of clinical samples on DBS cards for lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine during human clinical trials and therapeutic drug monitoring. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.