Gear shifting multi-objective optimization to improve vehicle performance,fuel consumption,and engine emissions

In the present work, the Adaptive-Weight Genetic Algorithm was employed in order to determine the gear shifting strategies that allow an automobile to work in the best compromise among fuel consumption, engine emissions, and vehicle performance. For the assessment of each of the three objective functions, a simulation model based on engine data and on the well-established equations of the longitudinal dynamics was developed. The driving cycle chosen for the calculations was the FTP-75, which takes into account both cold and hot starts, meaning that the transient operation during the warm-up of the catalyst is also considered.     

放射形专用线非直达车流取送方案研究

放射形专用线非直达车流取送问题是一个复杂的组合优化问题,一个最佳的取送顺序会在最大程度上缩短车流在站非生产时间,加速车辆周转。文中根据非直达车流的特点,优化了初始解的产生,以简化的在站停留时间最短为适应度函数,将取送顺序作为一个整体,设计了禁忌搜索算法。结合实例计算,结果表明该算法在求解非直达车流取送问题上取得了较满意的解。     

MC-ROV导航系统研究

针对研制的新型模态切换水下机器人(Mode-Converted ROV, MC-ROV),设计了一套以MEMS器件为主的微惯性组合导航系统,包括陀螺仪、加速度计、磁力计、深度传感器及微处理器等。系统采用互补滤波方法抑制陀螺漂移,设计卡尔曼滤波器计算姿态角。本文采用了改进的自适用卡尔曼滤波器,增大新近数据的作用,减小陈旧数据的作用,避免滤波发散,提高导航精度。水池实验表明结合互补滤波、自适应卡尔曼滤波能够获得比较精确、稳定的水下机器人导航信息。同时,基于实测数据进行的算法仿真表明改进后的渐消记忆指数加权自适应卡尔曼滤波可以在一定程度上改善导航效果。     

Country road and field surface profiles acquisition,modelling and synthetic realisation for evaluating fatigue life of agricultural machinery

Fatigue life of agricultural machinery is strongly affected by the surfaces that these machines operate on. In the present paper a sensor-frame was developed to acquire road and field profiles in absolute geo-referenced coordinates. The sensor-frame was validated by measuring discrete trapezoidal bumps with known dimensions resulting in a root mean squared (RMS) error of 6–8 mm. Profiles were acquired from a country road and from a mowed grass field. Using the quarter-car vehicle model, the movement of an agricultural vehicle was simulated for various speeds. The resulted vertical loads were rainflow-counted and the accumulated fatigue pseudo damage was calculated using Palmgren–Miner linear rule. Based on the derived Power Spectrum Density (PSD), the profiles were classified according to ISO 8608 standard. Two methodologies were followed to model and create a number of synthetic realisations for each profile: Direct Spectrum Estimate (DSE) and ISO based modelling. Simulating the produced synthetic profiles with the quarter-car vehicle model, the corresponding pseudo damage was calculated. The accumulated damages from the DSE models were closer to the corresponding ones from the measured profiles. ISO based models could not model the profile irregularities, which proved to contribute the largest part of the accumulated fatigue damage.     

强噪声背景下车辆震动信号检测算法研究

针对强噪声背景下车辆震动信号检测问题,结合车辆震动信号特点,提出了2种检测算法:基于功率谱分布的检测算法和基于负熵的检测算法,并将小波去噪用于强噪声背景下地震动信号的提取。该算法与一般检测算法相比具有环境适应性强、检测准确率高和运算量小的特点,这些优点使得该算法更适用于能量受限、工作环境复杂的无线传感网络。仿真结果表明该算法具有很高的检测准确率。     

高空高速飞行器气动特性研究

高空高速飞行中的黏性干扰效应、真实气体效应和稀薄气体效应成为决定未来空天飞行器能否实现安全飞行、精确控制和制导的重大基础科学问题, 必须发展相应的基础理论和研究方法.该文从计算方法、流动拓扑分析以及典型飞行器应用等方面介绍了作者所在研究团队近年来部分工作进展.      

高速列车车轮磨耗预测仿真

为了研究高速列车车轮磨耗问题,建立了车辆多体系统动力学和车轮磨耗耦合模型.模型中考虑了车辆系统悬挂非线性?轮轨接触几何非线性和轮轨蠕滑力非线性.采用数值仿真方法研究车轮型面的磨耗分布和发展.考虑车辆通过一条由直线和不同曲线组成的典型线路,通过动力学仿真计算轮轨接触情况,采用FASTSIM计算轮轨接触斑上车轮磨耗量,进行车轮型面磨耗量的累积和型面外形更新,然后再进入下一个磨耗循环的计算.通过比较分析,选择车轮型面垂直磨耗0.1mm为型面更新的条件,分别采用Archard磨耗模型?基于摩擦功的磨耗模型和基于磨耗指数的磨耗模型来预测车轮型面磨耗发展情况.并与测量得到的车辆实际线路运行中车轮磨耗量进行了比较.结果表明,仿真得到的车轮型面磨耗发展情况和实际测量结果趋势相同,其中基于磨耗功和磨耗指数模型的计算结果接近,而Archard模型算得的轮缘磨耗相对较大.因此,可以根据具体线路有针对性地选择磨耗模型,通过仿真方法预测车轮型面的磨耗,为高速列车的安全可靠运行提供指导.     

车桥系统的耦合振动

通过用正弦波形模拟桥面的不平和考虑移动车辆-桥梁间的相互作用,在Euler-Bernoulli梁理论的基础上建立了一种车桥系统的耦合振动模型．利用模态分析法和Runge-Kutta法对模型进行数值求解,获得了车桥系统耦合振动的动态响应和共振曲线．发现车桥耦合振动的共振曲线中存在两个共振区域,一个反映主共振而另一个反映次共振．讨论了桥面不平、桥梁振型和车辆间的相互作用对系统振动的影响．数值结果表明,这些参数对系统振动的影响很大,桥面不平和振型对车桥系统耦合振动的影响不能忽略,设计车速应该远离临界车速．     

Numerical models for vehicle exhaust dispersion in complex urban areas

Two numerical models are presented for predicting vehicle exhaust dispersion in complex urban areas with or without the wind field. The models not only reflect the effect of building and street canyon configuration on the pollutant propagation, but also are able to predict the turbulent energy produced by moving vehicles on the road. In particular, in the discrete model, turbulent energy and pollutant concentration produced by each vehicle are dynamically described in the Lagrangian method. The pollutant propagation is calculated with the advection–diffusion equation. The Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations are numerically solved for the wind flows. The movement and heat release rate of the vehicles are treated as sources of the turbulent energy equation for the computation of turbulent energy produced by the moving vehicles. This paper reports the detailed implementation of the models. Four typical numerical tests were carried out to represent the performance of the proposed numerical models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pose estimation for UAV aerial refueling with serious turbulences based on extended Kalman filter

In recent years, many pose estimation algorithms were developed, and have been successfully applied to solve unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial refueling pose estimation problems. This paper mainly focuses on solving this problem under serious turbulences circumstance. The extended Kalman filter is a set of mathematical equations to estimate the state of a process, which is able to support estimations of past, present, and even future states. In reference to previous papers and some simulations, we build up the noise models of refueling boom and atmospheric turbulence. Then, an extend Kalman filter is adopted to solve the pose estimation problem in UAV aerial refueling with serious turbulences. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed approach.