激光投影显示屏表面粗糙度的测量

显示屏是激光投影显示系统的一部分,其表面粗糙度直接影响着基于角度多样性的激光散斑抑制效果。在角度多样性散斑抑制原理的基础上,建立了被测显示屏表面粗糙度与散斑图样之间的相关性之间的联系。对显示屏表面粗糙度对照射角度和角度变化的敏感程度权衡,实验中将入射角和角度变化量分别固定在1°和0.0038°。为避免外界微扰和测试屏表面不平度对测试结果的影响,通过对被测显示屏5cm×5cm测试区域中选择9个子区域的测试结果进行平均,有效提高了测试精度。运用提出的方法确定4种材质显示屏的表面粗糙度分别为235.80,209.57,132.24和137.60μm,为设计有效降低激光散斑的投影显示屏提供了参考。     

Exact solutions to the angular Teukolsky equation with s ≠ 0

We first convert the angular Teukolsky equation under the special condition of τ ≠ 0, s ≠ 0, m=0 into a confluent Heun differential equation (CHDE) by taking different function transformation and variable substitution. And then according to the characteristics of both CHDE and its analytical solution expressed by a confluent Heun function (CHF), we find two linearly dependent solutions corresponding to the same eigenstate, from which we obtain a precise energy spectrum equation by constructing a Wronskian determinant. After that, we are able to localize the positions of the eigenvalues on the real axis or on the complex plane when τ is a real number, a pure imaginary number, and a complex number, respectively and we notice that the relation between the quantum number l and the spin weight quantum number s satisfies the relation l=∣s∣+ n, n=0, 1, 2···. The exact eigenvalues and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions given by the CHF are obtained with the aid of Maple. The features of the angular probability distribution (APD) and the linearly dependent characteristics of two eigenfunctions corresponding to the same eigenstate are discussed. We find that for a real number τ, the eigenvalue is a real number and the eigenfunction is a real function, and the eigenfunction system is an orthogonal complete system, and the APD is asymmetric in the northern and southern hemispheres. For a pure imaginary number τ, the eigenvalue is still a real number and the eigenfunction is a complex function, but the APD is symmetric in the northern and southern hemispheres. When τ is a complex number, the eigenvalue is a complex number, the eigenfunction is still a complex function, and the APD in the northern and southern hemispheres is also asymmetric. Finally, an approximate expression of complex eigenvalues is obtained when n is greater than ∣s∣.     

Transmissive 2-bit anisotropic coding metasurface

Coding metasurfaces have attracted tremendous interests due to unique capabilities of manipulating electromagnetic wave. However, archiving transmissive coding metasurface is still challenging. Here we propose a transmissive anisotropic coding metasurface that enables the independent control of two orthogonal polarizations. The polarization beam splitter and the orbital angular momentum (OAM) generator have been studied as typical applications of the anisotropic 2-bit coding metasurface. The simulated far field patterns illustrate that the x and y polarized electromagnetic waves are deflected into two different directions, respectively. The anisotropic coding metasurface has been experimentally verified to realize an OAM beam with l = 2 of right-handed polarized wave, resulting from both contributions from linear-to-circular polarization conversion and the phase profile modulation. This work is beneficial to enrich the polarization manipulation field and develop transmissive coding metasurfaces.     

Angular dependence of proton-induced single event transient in silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors

We investigate the angular dependence of proton-induced single event transient (SET) in silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors. Experimental results show that the overall SET cross section is almost independent of proton incident angle. However, the proportion of SET events with long duration and high integral charge collection grows significantly with the increasing angle. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the integral cross section of proton incident events with high ionizing energy deposition in the sensitive volume tends to be higher at larger incident angles, which is associated with the angular distribution of proton-induced secondary particles and the geometry of sensitive volume.     

Controlling acoustic orbital angular momentum with artificial structures: From physics to application

Acoustic orbital angular momentum (OAM) associated with helicoidal wavefront recently attracts rapidly-growing attentions, offering a new degree of freedom for acoustic manipulation. Due to the unique dynamical behavior and inherent mode orthogonality of acoustic OAM, its harnessing is of fundamental interests for wave physics, with great potential in a plethora of applications. The recent advance in materials physics further boosts efforts into controlling OAM-carrying acoustic vortices, especially acoustic metasurfaces with planar profile and subwavelength thickness. Thanks to their unconventional acoustic properties beyond attainable in the nature, acoustic artificial structures provide a powerful platform for new research paradigm for efficient generation and diverse manipulation of OAM in ways not possible before, enabling novel applications in diverse scenarios ranging from underwater communication to object manipulation. In this article, we present a comprehensive view of this emerging field by delineating the fundamental physics of OAM-metasurface interaction and recent advances in the generation, manipulation, and application of acoustic OAM based on artificial structures, followed by an outlook for promising future directions and potential practical applications.     

Quantum speed limit for mixed states in a unitary system

Since the evolution of a mixed state in a unitary system is equivalent to the joint evolution of the eigenvectors contained in it, we could use the tool of instantaneous angular velocity for pure states to study the quantum speed limit (QSL) of a mixed state. We derive a lower bound for the evolution time of a mixed state to a target state in a unitary system, which automatically reduces to the quantum speed limit induced by the Fubini-Study metric for pure states. The computation of the QSL of a degenerate mixed state is more complicated than that of a non-degenerate mixed state, where we have to make a singular value decomposition (SVD) on the inner product between the two eigenvector matrices of the initial and target states. By combing these results, a lower bound for the evolution time of a general mixed state is presented. In order to compare the tightness among the lower bound proposed here and lower bounds reported in the references, two examples in a single-qubit system and in a single-qutrit system are studied analytically and numerically, respectively. All conclusions derived in this work are independent of the eigenvalues of the mixed state, which is in accord with the evolution properties of a quantum unitary system.     

零刚度弹性梁旋转式陀螺研究

设计并制作了在零扭转刚度条件下的一种用于旋转体偏航角速率测量的陀螺。分析该陀螺工作原理,建立该陀螺的数学模型,设计和制作了零扭转刚度陀螺的敏感结构。利用交流电桥提取电容变化信号,进而实现对旋转体偏航角速度的测量。在旋转体自旋角速度不同的情况下,对陀螺输出信号进行测量,分别得到载体的旋转速率φ=10×2πrad/s时,比例系数K=20.96 mV/[(°)·s-1];φ=12×2πrad/s时,K=21.12 mV/[(°)·s-1],φ=14×2πrad/s时,K=21.10 mV/[(°)·s-1]。理论研究和性能测试表明,在陀螺振动元件的弹性梁扭转刚度为0时,陀螺输出信号的大小只与偏航角速度Ω有关,与载体旋转角速率φ无关。     

基于激光干涉条纹的联合基座相对变形测量方法

在联合基座上安装CCD光电变形测量系统发射和接收单元,通过测量所得图像中条纹倾角的变化,来检测基座扭转角的变化,通过测得条纹中心位置在焦平面X和Y方向的变化来检测横向和纵向变形。针对条纹图像,通过对每个条纹放大以及条纹单行图像像素的灰度值细分,可以得出条纹每一行的中心点,所有行的中心点连线构成条纹的中轴骨架线,从而形成一种新的条纹细分检测方法;然后将细分后的条纹分组排列,根据所有条纹斜率相同,分组后组内和组间间距近似为常值的前提条件进行最小二乘拟合和运算便可求取倾角。误差分析计算和试验结果表明,系统对扭转角的检测精度可以达到25″,对横向和纵向变形的检测精度可达5″,成为试验船的实用方法。     

圆锥运动下磁场辅助角速度测量方法与实验

利用磁场传感器可辅助载体进行角速度测量.在用于飞行载体时,由于载体通常伴随有圆锥运动,并且载体自身会对内部磁场产生干扰,使磁场传感器输出产生畸变,从而导致利用磁场辅助测量的载体角速度的误差较大.针对这个问题,提出了一种基于实时误差补偿的在圆锥运动及磁场干扰影响条件下利用磁场辅助进行角速度测量的方法.该方法利用载体过去1周旋转的数据,实时对圆锥运动与磁场干扰进行补偿,然后根据补偿结果计算当前载体的角速度.当载体角速度越大时,精度越高.通过飞行实验对该方法进行了验证,实验结果表明,在角速度大于300 (°)/s时,角速度误差小于1(°)/s.     

Trajectory optimization and applications using high performance solar sails

The high performance solar sail can enable fast missions to the outer solar system and produce exotic non-Keplerian orbits. As there is no fuel consumption, mission trajectories for solar sail spacecraft are typically optimized with respect to flight time. Several investigations focused on interstellar probe missions have been made, including optimal methods and new objective functions. Two modes of interstellar mission trajectories, namely “direct flyby” and “angular momentum reversal trajectory”, are compared and discussed. As a foundation, a 3D non-dimensional dynamic model for an ideal plane solar sail is introduced as well as an optimal control framework. A newly found periodic double angular momentum reversal trajectory is presented, and some properties and potential applications of this kind of inverse orbits are illustrated. The method how to achieve the minimum periodic inverse orbit is also briefly elucidated.