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71.
The amplitude
0 of the interfacial free energy per unit area (or surface tension) of the body-centered-cubic Ising model is found using a direct monte carlo simulation technique. The combination
2/kBTc, where is the correlation length, is shown to agree within the precision of the simulations with a previously reported estimate for the simple cubic lattice. Evidence is also presented for the universality of the finite-size scaling amplitude for the surface tension. 相似文献
72.
73.
Amorphous kaolinite derivatives were prepared through mixing kaolinite with HCOOK and KOH solution. Ki-netics of kaolinite being turned into amorphous derivatvies was investigated by XRD. It showed that the transfor-mation included dynamic and diffuse controlling stages. And the active energy E1=26.8kJ·mol-1; E2=12.2 kJ·mol-1. TEM and SEM images showed that particle size of the amorphous derivatives was about 50nm. And the amorphous derivatives seemed like alumnsilicate gel, accompanied by some aggregates. 相似文献
74.
Danielle Giron S. Monnier M. Mutz P. Piechon T. Buser F. Stowasser K. Schulze M. Bellus 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,89(3):729-743
Adequate very sensitive quantification methods are needed for the development and are also now required for the monitoring
of undesirable solid form(s) as routine tests. The pre-requisite for quantitation are selectivity, sensitivity and most important
the purity of standards and their proper storage, what is a challenge for metastable forms.
Several analytical techniques are available such as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, thermal analysis and microcalorimetry.
The different steps of the validation of the analytical methods and problems to be solved are discussed. Examples illustrate
the different techniques and compare their possible advantages and limits. The relative standard deviation of measurements
should allow for checking the homogenization procedure of mixtures for calibration. The validation should be carried out following
ICH guidelines for validation of analytical methods. Comparison of different techniques in adequate concentration range add
confidence in the analytical results. 相似文献
75.
76.
E. J. Thrush G. Wale-Evans J. E. A. Whiteaway B. L. Lamb D. R. Wight N. G. Chew A. G. Cullis R. J. M. Griffiths 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1984,13(6):969-988
The composition profiles of GaAs/Ga1?xAlxAs heterostructures prepared in two different Metal-Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) reactors have been studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). and Auger and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) sputter profiling results are in good agreement and interface widths below 20 å have been achieved. Significant new results on transient phenomena have been obtained. showing that large and sometimes very sharp excursions in composition can be associated with valve switching actions. Direct evidence is presented that gas pressure or flow transients can occur during valve operations. and it is suggested that such instabilities are the cause of the effects observed. 相似文献
77.
Starting from earlier work by Baudler we introduce a chemical heuristic for the systematic deduction and classification of covalent partial structures of phosphorus in polycyclic phosphanes, phosphorus-rich polycyclic phosphides, and allotropes of phosphorus except the black forms. This approach is used to direct ab initio techniques (which also confirm the rules) in the quest for as yet unknown forms of molecular or macromolecular phosphorus. Based on calculated stabilities of systematically generated structural alternatives we rationalize the stabilities of Hittorf's phosphorus and of molecular P4, confirm the possible existence of at least one other crystalline allotropic form of phosphorus, and provide insight into the probable structure of amorphous red phosphorus. In total, the combined approach of chemical heuristics and large scale ab initio calculations presented in this work supplies a coherent chemical understanding of covalent polyphosphorus structures. 相似文献
78.
Jian-binSong Min-qiaoRen Qing-yongChen Shu-yunWang Qing-xiangZhao Hong-fangZhang 莫志深 《高分子科学》2004,(5):491-496
Based on the X-ray scattering intensity theory and using the approximate expression for the atomic scattering factor, the correction factors for three crystalline peaks and an amorphous peak of Nylon 1212 were calculated and the formula of degree of crystallinity of Nylon 1212 was derived by a graphic multipeak resolution method. The degree of crystallinity calculated from the WAXD method is compatible with those obtained by density and calorimetry methods. 相似文献
79.
粉末化学镀法制备的NiB/TiO2非晶态合金催化剂对环丁烯砜加氢反应的催化性能 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用诱导沉积法及粉末化学镀法分别制备了纯态NiB及负载型NiB/TiO2非晶态合金催化剂.用XRD,ICP,SEM,TEM和DSC等手段对催化剂的物性及TiO2载体与NiB非晶态合金之间的相互作用进行了表征,考察了非晶态合金的结构、组成、形貌和热稳定性,并将其用于环丁烯砜加氢反应中.结果表明,相对于NiB而言,NiB/TiO2催化剂具有优良的热稳定性和催化活性,这缘于NiB和TiO2载体之间的相互作用及载体的分散作用. 相似文献
80.
Electrophoretic mobilities of hexadecane/water emulsions containing dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or egg yolk lecithin
(EYL) monolayers at the interface and those of liposomes prepared from the same lipids were measured as functions of the concentrations
of Ca2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ cations in the aqueous phase. The surface potentials, surface charge densities (σ), and the Langmuir adsorption isotherms
for various distances from the charged surface to the slip plane (d) were calculated on the basis of the Gouy-Chapman theory for 1∶2 electrolytes and the values of ζ-potentials. The binding
constants (K) and parametersd were determined under the assumption that the maximum σ values correspond to one ion per phospholipid molecule at the interface.
In the case of DMPC, the ion binding constants (L mol−1) at 25°C are 230 and 87 for Ca2+, 31.5 and 21 for Mn2+, 11 and 6 for Cu2+, and 7.5 and 5.3 for Ni2+ in liposomes and emulsions, respectively. The affinities of Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions for EYL monolayers and bilayers are lower than those for DMPC mono- and bilayers. Thed parameters for all ions are smaller than the radii of the hydrated ions. In the case of Ca2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+, thed values for mono- and bilayers are different. The differences in K values between monolayers and bilayers as well as those
between DMPC and EYL mono- and bilayers can be attributed to the differences in the local environment and orientation of the
interfacial phosphate groups in these systems.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2490–2495, December, 1998. 相似文献