电化学法测定几种稀土贮氢合金的热力学函数

贮氢材料由于能可逆地吸放氢,得到了广泛地应用.特别是以贮氢材料为负极制成的氢镍二次电池,容量为同类型镉镍电池的1.5～2倍,且电压又相近,是镉镍电池的理想换代产品,受到人们普遍的关注。LaNi_(4.5)Mn_(0.5),LaNi_(4.9)Sn_(0.1)和La_(0.8)Nd_(0.2)Ni_(2.5)Co_(2.4)Al_(0.1)是电化学性能较优越的贮氢合金。LaNi_(4.5)Mn_(0.5)的电化学容量高,理论容量可达400mAh.g~(-1).LaNi_(4.9)Sn_(0.1)和La_(0.8) Nd_(0.2)     

Thermal decomposition kinetics of titanium hydride and Al alloy melt foaming process

Metal foams, now one of research foci, are a newclass of materials with low densities and novel physi-cal, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic prop-erties[1—8]. Demands from high-tech make Al alloyfoam, which has much higher specific strength than ofpure Al foam, the new development focus[9—11]. Melt foaming process is one of the approaches tofabricate Al foam and Al alloy foam and their porestructure (pore diameter and porosity) has close rela-tionship with the thermal decompo…     

触头用银合金粉末的氧化性能和氧化后的组织结构

通过热重实验和扫描电子显微等方法，研究了４种触头用银合金粉末的氧化性能及氧化后的组织结构。发现Ａｇ－Ｓｎ－ＲＥ合金粉末氧化以后，在粉末表层形成一层纯银层，其组织结构理想；它的氧化性能最好，适于制备触头材料。Ａｇ－Ｓｎ－ＲＥ合金粉末的优良氧化性能与其氧化后理想的组织结构有关。稀土元素可以降低合金粉末的氧化温度，其它影响作用有待于进一步研究。     

Residence times in kink sites and Markov chain model of alloy and intermetallic compound deposition

The concept of the residence time τ_ksp of an atom in a kink site has recently been suggested to understand the processes in electrochemical deposition of alloys and intermetallic compounds. Different kink sites with different residence times must be defined for alloys and intermetallic compounds. Based on this model, the finite Markov chain theory is applied to describe the selectivity of the growth process. An analytical relationship between the alloy composition and the metal ion concentrations in the electrolyte is derived. General model parameters are ratios g _i = K _ii/K _ij of equilibrium constants of the reaction of electrolyte ions with different kink sites on the surface (i, j representing different alloy components). These ratios are called selectivity constants. For simple conditions, the equation g _i ≈ τ_ii/τ_ij connects the g _i values with the residence times. The theory is tested in the deposition of alloys Co-Ni (anomalous co-deposition) and Ni-Mo (induced co-deposition). Additionally, Bi₂Te₃, an example of stoichiometric semiconductor deposition, is treated. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 1216–1223. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Phase Relations in the Ni–Mn–Ga Ternary System and Aging Effect on Shape Memory Properties of Ferromagnetic Ni<Subscript>2</Subscript>MnGa Sputtered Films

Summary. Isothermal sections of the Ni–Mn–Ga ternary phase diagram at 1073 and 1273 K were investigated over a wide range of alloy compositions. The range of the β-Ni₂MnGa phase, its equilibria with the γ-(Mn, Ni), α′-Ni₃Ga, and γ-Ni₃Ga₂ phases, and the liquidus and solidus lines were determined experimentally. The aging effect on the shape memory effect (SME) of Ni₂MnGa sputtered films was also investigated. The two-way SME of the constraint-aged films was confirmed by the temperature change.     

现场表面拉曼光谱研究Fe-Mo合金诱导共沉积

现场表面拉曼光谱结果显示，在0．2mol·L-1Na2MoO4,pH＝4．0的溶液中，电位正于0．5V（vsSCE）时只观察到多钼酸盐的拉曼峰（940、880和450cm-1）．负于-0．5V时，出现中心位于730cm-1的宽峰．同时电极表面有蓝色膜生成．表明混合氧化态（MO（Ⅳ），MO（Ⅴ））氧化膜的形成．730cm-1的峰在-1．9V时仍然存在，说明氧化膜没有被进一步还原．在钼酸钠溶液中同时含有0．1mol·L-1FeSO4和0．2mol·L-1柠檬酸时，中间态氧化膜的拉曼峰的中心移到740cm-1．且峰强度随着电位从-1．3V负移到-1．9V而逐渐减弱并最终消失．电极表面沉积层呈银白色，说明由于Fe2 的存在，钼的中间态氧化膜的结构发生了变化，能够被进一步还原形成Fe－Mo合金，表现出诱导共沉积的特征．     

纳米镍-铁合金/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备、表征及其电磁屏蔽性能

The composites with nano-particles of Ni-Fe alloys dispersed on the nano-layers of expanded graphite (EG) were prepared by the impregnation of EG with ethanol solutions of nickel and iron acetates， followed by drying and reduction in H₂. The square nano-particles of Ni-Fe alloys with particle sizes of mainly 20～40 nm were found to be well spread on the layers of EG. The alloy nano-particles exhibited high shielding effectiveness (SE) for electromagnetic radiations at low frequencies due to their high magnetic conductivity. Since EG is electronically conductive and displayed high SE at high frequencies， the composites exhibited good SE at wide range of frequencies. The electric and magnetic conductivities of the composites could be monitored through regulating the loadings of alloy nano-particles on EG， and it was found that the composites with 20%～40% of the alloys exhibited good SE. Specifically， the composite 27%Ni-3%Fe-EG showed the excellent SE from 66 to 110 dB at the frequencies from 300 kHz to 1.5 GHz.     

From crown ethers to zeolites: Reaction of EtAlCl2 with crown ethers

In contrast to aluminum alkyls, alkyl aluminum halides such as EtAlCl₂ react with crown ethers to form cation-anion pairs which exhibit the liquid clathrate effect. Specifically, [12-C-4·AlCl₂][AlCl₃Et] and [18-C-6·AlCl₂][AlCl₃Et] have been isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques. The cations show aluminum in an octahedral environment made up of four of the oxygen atoms from the crown and two chlorine atoms. The 12-C-4 derivative crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with cell constants of a=7.497(4), b=22.121(8), c=12.339(5) Å, =94.99(3)^o, and Z=4 for =1.43 g cm^–3. Least-squares refinement based on 1413 observed reflections led to a final conventional R value of 0.093. The 18-C-6 complex belongs to the triclinic space group P1 with a=8.414(4), b=12.193(6), c=12.394(6) Å, =73.14(4), =86.07(4), =81.52(4)^o, and Z=2 for =1.45 g cm^–3. Refinement based on 2605 observed reflections led to R=0.063. The complex aluminum-containing species are related to a class of compounds called aluminoxanes.     

Complexation of Al(III) by 8-Hydroxyquinoline and Drastic Fluorescence Enhancement in Reverse Micelles

Complexation of Al^IIIby 8-hydroxyquinoline and fluorescence behavior of the quinolinate(s) were studied in reverse micellar systems at low water content, and compared to aqueous media. Two surfactants were used: one was cationic (CTAC: cetyltrimethylammonium chloride) and the other was anionic (AOT: sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate). The results obtained in the CTAC/dichloromethane system (W= [H₂O]/[surfactant] = 0.9) showed that complexation occurred very likely in the oil phase and no micellar effect was observed. On the contrary, in the presence of AOT, specific micellar effects were observed due to the presence of the anionic polar heads: stabilization of the positively charged 1:1 and 1:2 chelates, at the expense of the neutral water-insoluble 1:3 chelate which is formed in aqueous solutions under similar conditions;drastic fluorescence enhancement factorsof 120 and 100 in AOT/heptane (W= 1.5) and AOT/dichloromethane (W= 1.6), respectively. Such factors have never been reported so far in either hydroorganic or direct micellar systems. In return, the length of time for the production of the complex(es) is increased because of the microheterogeneity of the medium and the small sizes of the water pools.     

Chemical Liquid Phase Deposition of Thin Aluminum Oxide Films

Introduction Inorganic oxide films have attracted a lot of interest in the last several decades. Among them, silicon dioxide films are widely used in modern microelectronics, optics and mechanics. This material has been grown by various methods including thermal oxidation, chemical vapor phase deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor phase deposition, and so on.1,2 Recently, Nagayama et al.3 have reported that SiO2 thin films could be produced by a new chemical method of liquid phase depos…